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		<h1>Cuộc Hải Hành của Cha Francisco de Pina đến Đàng Trong &#40;1608&#41;</h1>
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			<li>Thứ năm - 27/08/2020 21:01</li>
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			Vào năm 1618, khi đến Nước Mặn, anh đã có nhiều thì giờ nghiền ngẫm sự liên quan giữa tiếng Việt với tiếng La Tinh, Hy Lạp và Bồ Đào Nha. Nhưng khi liên tưởng tới giọng nói của hai dân tộc Việt và Ấn Độ, tôi cho rằng suy nghĩ của anh lập tức nghiêng hẳn về Konkani vì âm điệu tiếng Việt trong nhiều trường hợp rất giống lối phát âm của tiếng Ấn Độ.&#91;126&#93; Vì thế, hiện nay tôi muốn đưa ra giả thuyết rằng: khi tạm dừng chân ở Nước Mặn, Cha Pina đã dựa nhiều vào lối phát âm của Konkani trong việc La tinh hóa tiếng Việt
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			<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-radius:0px !important; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; padding-bottom:15px"><div class="pull-right" style="border-radius:0px !important"><ul class="list-inline" style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:10px; border-radius:0px !important; padding-left:0px; list-style:none; margin-left:-5px">	<li style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important; display:inline-block; padding-left:5px; padding-right:5px">&nbsp;</li>	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51);"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="float:right !important">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51);"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="float:right !important">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></div></div><div class="news-content" style="border-radius:0px !important; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><div class="WordSection1" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cuộc Hải Hành của Cha Francisco de Pina đến Đàng Trong (1608)</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><i style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tác giả: Đình Nam</span></span></span></i><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><i style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ngày: 1 Tháng 8, 2020</span></span></i></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://www.hdgmvietnam.com/tin-tuc/van-hoa" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">WHĐ (21.8.2020)</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;–&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khoảng hơn hai năm về trước,&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">trong buổi tường trình trong Câu Lạc Bộ Văn Học (CLBVH) ở thành phố Oklahoma City, tôi đã trình bày một bài thuyết trình về sự thành hình của chữ Quốc Ngữ (QN). Sau khi trình bày xong, tôi chợt nhận thấy rằng sự hiểu biết của tôi về các vị thừa sai đang hoạt động ở Đàng Trong</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn1" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;1&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;còn rất nhiều thiếu sót. Cho đến bây giờ, tôi đã hiểu biết rằng lúc ban đầu, các nhà truyền giáo muốn phát triển chữ QN không phải để cho quần chúng ngư<span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ời Việt mà là cho chính mình vì học và viết tiếng Nôm quá khó khăn.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vì thế,</span></span>&nbsp;<span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">đó mới chính là động cơ thúc đẩy họ đã chế tạo ra chữ QN,&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">như</span></span>ng tôi vẫn thắc mắc không rõ ràng cho lắm cách thức mà họ đã thực hiện. Hiện giờ tôi chỉ biết bốn vị tiền phong trong công cuộc tìm hiểu chữ Quốc Ngữ. Đó là Cha Francisco de Pina (1586-1625); sau đó là Cha Gaspar d’Amaral (1594-1646)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn2" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;2&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">, Cha Antonio Barbosa (1594-1647)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn3" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;3&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;và cuối cùng là Cha Alexandre de Rhodes (1593-1660).</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn4" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;4&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Kể từ năm 1617 cho đến năm 1636, họ đã lần lượt vào Đàng Trong, ra Đàng Ngoài để giảng đạo. Bắt đầu là Cha Pina, vị giáo sĩ đầu tiên có thể tự học, nói chuyện một cách lưu loát tiếng Việt và cũng là thầy dạy chữ tiền Quốc Ngữ cho Cha Rhodes. Tôi cũng biết rằng ngoài tiếng mẹ đẻ, các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn5" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;5&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;rất am tường tiếng La Tinh và biết ít nhiều về tiếng Hy Lạp và tiếng Do Thái. Theo suy nghĩ của tôi, sự hiểu biết về những thứ tiếng này, nhất là tiếng Hy Lạp và La Tinh là nòng cốt trong việc phiên mã (transcription) từ âm điệu tiếng Việt ra chữ&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Quốc Ngữ&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">mà họ đã theo đuổi và cuối cùng đã thành công vào năm 1651. Nhưng chỉ biết vài ngôn ngữ đó cũng chưa đủ để họ tiến hành vì họ sẽ cần nhiều hơn thế nữa, nhất là khi lịch sử chữ&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Quốc Ngữ&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">đã cho chúng ta biết rằng chỉ trong một thời gian rất ngắn từ năm 1618 cho đến 1623, nhà ngôn ngữ học tiên phong Cha Pina đã tìm ra căn bản của thanh vị (tone) của tiếng Việt và hoàn thành một quyển ngữ vựng tiếng Bồ và tiếng Việt. Đó là không kể đến cuốn giáo lý viết bằng chữ Nôm mà ngài đã soạn ra dựa theo cuốn giáo lý mà Hồng Y Bellarmine đã viết vào năm 1614</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn6" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;6&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Theo tôi nghĩ, dĩ nhiên là Cha Pina không thể nào một mình soạn ra quyển giáo lý này mà cần sự trợ giúp của nhiều học giả Việt Nam thời ấy và luôn cả Cha Francesco Buzomi (1576-1639)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn7" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;7&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;người đã giúp ngài định nghĩa và dịch ra những từ ngữ trừu tượng trong thánh kinh ra tiếng Việt. Muốn thực hiện những chương trình qui mô này, lúc suy gẫm về chữ&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Quốc Ngữ</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">, Cha Pina suy nghĩ cách thức chuyển âm ngữ hầu như một mình. Ngoài các tiếng Âu Châu ra, ngài còn cần hiểu biết thêm về các ngôn ngữ Á Châu khác nữa. Khi đến Goa, Cha Pina, theo tôi nghĩ, đã có cơ hội học hỏi cả tiếng Nhật và có thể, cả tiếng Konkani nữa. Hơn thế nữa, ngài cần nhiều sự giúp đỡ của các nhà ngôn ngữ tiên phong lưu trú tại các quốc gia khác. Khi ngài bước chân đến Đà Nẵng lần đầu tiên, ngài chỉ là một giáo sĩ trẻ, mới ra trường từ Macao, tuổi đời còn non nớt, kinh nghiệm chưa đủ. Vì thế, chúng ta phải tự hỏi khi tạm trú tại Goa (2-3 năm) và ở Macao (5-6 năm), Cha Pina đã nhìn thấy và học hỏi thêm những gì? Muốn biết câu trả lời, chúng ta chỉ có thể quay về quá khứ đề tìm hiểu thêm về cuộc đời của ngài trong những năm gia nhập Dòng Chúa Giêsu cho đến lúc tàu cặp bến ở Macao (1605-1616) và khi bước chân lên lãnh thổ Đà Nẵng (1617).</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khi tưởng tượng đến Cha Pina, trí óc tôi nhìn thấy một vị giáo sĩ trung niên đang ngồi dưới ánh đèn cầy mờ ảo, tay cầm một cây viết lông gà, nguệch ngoạc viết xuống những dòng chữ xa lạ. Ông ngồi đấy hàng giờ sau khi cầu nguyện và ăn xong bữa cơm chiều. Thỉnh thoảng, ông dừng bút, suy nghĩ, đắn đo… Đó là những hình ảnh tràn ngập trong tâm khảm tôi, đầy sự yêu mến và kính phục đến với vị tu sĩ này. Hơn 400 năm trước, khi bước lên chiếc tàu gỗ khổng lồ rời bến Lisbon, nước Bồ Đào Nha, ông đã biết mình có thể sẽ không có cơ hội về thăm quê hương và gia đình được nữa. Nhưng ông vẫn tiếp tục bước lên tàu và cuối cùng được mang sang một thế giới xa lạ để phục vụ một lý tưởng cao cả mà Thiên Chúa đã trao cho. Gần đây, nhờ vào sự kiên trì trong hơn 10 năm mà ông Roland Jacques bỏ ra trong cuộc đời ông để nghiên cứu về Cha Pina, cuối cùng những thành tích về sự phát triển mới mẻ của chữ Quốc Ngữ lúc mới khai phong, vừa được khám phá. Tuy vậy, chúng ta vẫn không am tường thời niên thiếu, sự học vấn và cuộc hải hành của ông qua Goa. Mục đích của bài tường trình này là làm sáng tỏ phần nào cuộc đời ngắn ngủi của Cha Pina để bổ túc thêm chi tiết mà ông Roland Jacques đã dành cho người Việt Nam chúng ta.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/ban-do-lanh-tho-dang-trong-dang-ngoai-alexandre-de-rhodes-the-ky-17.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 1 - Lãnh Thổ Đàng Trong (Xanh Dương) và Đàng Ngoài (Màu Cam) do Cha Alexandre de Rhodes hoàn thành vào Giữa Thế Kỷ 17</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Thân Thế của Cha Francisco de Pina</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cha Pina sinh ra vào năm 1586 vào lúc đế quốc Bồ Đào Nha đang trên con đường suy đồi. Khoảng tám năm trước đó, vị vua Bồ&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đào Nha trẻ&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sebestian I đã ra một quyết định sai lầm là mang quân tham gia vào cuộc nội chiến ở Marocco và khiến ông bị thiệt mạng cùng vô số binh sĩ. Vì vua Sebestian I không có người nối vị, vua Tây Ban Nha Philip II, chú của cố vua Sebestian I, nhân dịp này sáp nhập nước Bồ Đào Nha vào với Tây Ban Nha cho đến năm 1640. Dưới sự cai trị của vua Tây Ban Nha, đế quốc Bồ Đào Nha bắt đầu suy yếu từ đó. Bắt đầu thế kỷ 17, không may cho họ, trên thế giới có nhiều chuyển biến, những quốc gia theo đạo Tin Lành như nước Hòa Lan hay Anh Quốc bắt đầu cạnh tranh với người Bồ trong việc buôn bán gia vị trên thế giới. Không những thế, họ còn dùng tàu bè tối tân thời bấy giờ để cướp của và đánh đắm những con thuyền buôn của người Bồ. Đồng thời các quốc gia thiếu thân thiện này cũng phong tỏa các thành phố quan trọng trong thềm thương mại như Lisbon hay Goa. Sống và lớn lên trong bối cảnh này, là một cậu bé ngây thơ, Pina không hề biết thế giới bên ngoài đang xảy ra chiến tranh khốc liệt như thế nào cho đến khi anh ta gia nhập vào Dòng Chúa Giêsu.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cha Pina được chào đời ở thành phố Guarda (Hãy xem bản đồ nước Bồ, Hình 2), một thành phố nằm về phía đông bắc, trên địa phận núi non (cao độ 3.465 ft) gần biên giới giữa nước Bồ và nước Tây Ban Nha - cao nhất so với các thành phố khác ở nước Bồ. Thành phố này được sáng lập năm 1197 để chống lại sự xâm lấn của người Hồi Giáo.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn8" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;8&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nói một cách tổng quát, người dân Guarda rất sùng đạo thời đó. Dân số ở đây thưa thớt. Không bao gồm các vùng ngoại ô, trong thành phố Guarda, dân số chỉ có khoảng 2.300 người (thống kê năm 1755)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn9" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;9&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Cho đến nay, không ai rõ gia thế của cha Pina, nhưng dòng họ Pina ở Guarda rất nổi tiếng trong thành phố này, nhất là ông Rui de Pina (1440-1522). Vào năm 1497, vua Manuel I phong chức cho Rui de Pina làm Biên Sử Quan và hưởng lộc vua khi về hưu ở Guarda. Trước đó, nhà vua bổ nhiệm ông làm chức Thư Ký (Secretary)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn10" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;10&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trong phái đoàn được gửi qua Barcelona điều đình với chính quyền Tây Ban Nha. Kết quả là hiệp ước Tordesillas đã ra đời vào năm 1494.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn11" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;11&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Có lẽ lúc đế quốc Bồ thịnh vượng, dòng dõi họ Pina cũng được cơm no, áo ấm. Suốt mấy đời, họ chăm chỉ tu bổ các nhà thờ lớn ở Guarda.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/ban-do-nuoc-bo-dao-nha.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 2 - Bản Đồ Nước Bồ Đào Nha</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hiện tại, vì cha Pina mất quá sớm và chưa có tài liệu nào cho thấy cha mẹ của ngài là ai. Dựa theo những tài liệu lưu lại từ nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu, cha Pina, khi được 18 tuổi (1605), đã nộp đơn xin gia nhập vào Dòng Chúa Giêsu và đã được chấp thuận. Có lẽ lúc đang học đại học ở trường Coimbra, ngài đã bắt đầu ngưỡng mộ nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu và đã quyết định gia nhập vào đó. Vào năm đó, ngài từ giã gia đình và nội trú trong trường đại học College de Jesus tại Coimbra</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn12" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;12&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;(Hãy xem Hình 3).</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hai năm ròng rã tập sự tro<span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ng&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></b><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Viện&nbsp;<span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sơ Tu</span></span></span></span></b><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" title=""><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;13&#93;</span></span></a>&nbsp;</span></span></b></span></b><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">(Navitiate)</span></span></b></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ngày 28 tháng Giêng năm 1605</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn14" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;14&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;là ngày</span></span>&nbsp;đầu tiên nhập vào nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu của chàng trai Pina. Sau khi hoàn tất thủ tục giấy tờ nhập môn, anh Pina được giới thiệu với mọi người trong Viện Sơ Tu. Cha Bề Trên (Superior) cũng giới thiệu với anh một sư huynh đỡ đầu để giúp đỡ anh trong thời gian đầu còn bỡ ngỡ. Vị sư huynh này lúc nào cũng theo anh để nhắc nhở luật lệ trong học viện. Anh cũng được cho biết những luật lệ nghiêm khắc của nhà Dòng, ví dụ như tất cả học viên đều phải yên lặng suốt trong những buổi học, buổi ăn sáng, trưa và chiều. Chỉ trong giờ sinh hoạt mới được phép trò chuyện với nhau mà thôi. Hàng ngày, anh Pina phải thức giấc vào đúng 4 giờ sáng và lên giường ngủ vào lúc 9 giờ khuya. Mỗi ngày, các học viên phải cầu nguyện và tham thánh lễ. Các anh cũng tham gia vào công việc lau chùi, giúp lặt vặt trong nhà bếp hay tỉa cây chung quanh trường. Ngoài ra, trong năm anh phải đi hành hương, sống một cuộc đời tha phương bằng cách đi xin ăn ngoài phố trong vài tuần liên tiếp. Tháp tùng Cha Bề Trên, anh Pina cũng tham dự vào phái đoàn thăm viếng nhà thương địa phương, nhà giam hay những người nghèo khổ với mục đích xoa dịu nỗi đau buồn trong lòng họ. Cũng có lúc, theo sự hướng dẫn của cha Bề Trên và các bài linh thao của Thánh Loyola, tổ phụ của nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu, các học viên phải vùi mình trong phòng 30 ngày ngồi tĩnh tâm, với mục đích chính là tự tìm hiểu chính mình và sự liên quan giữa con người và Thiên Chúa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/dai-hoc-giesu-o-coimbra-vao-nam-1732.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><div style="page-break-after: always"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</div><div class="WordSection2" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 3 - Đại Học Giêsu ở Coimbra vào năm 1732</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn15" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;15&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;-Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Năm thứ ba nội trú trong Học viện Nhà Tập</span></span></b></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong thời gian thực tập và nội trú ở trường, để giúp các học viên không bị gia đình quấy nhiễu, nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu khích lệ các học viên không liên lạc với gia đình mà không có sự cho phép của Cha Trưởng Giám của Viên Sơ Tu.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn16" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;16&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Vì thế, nhà Dòng khuyến khích học viên quên cả gia đình và chỉ nhớ họ qua tiềm thức.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn17" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;17&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Đây là một trong những điều than phiền của cha mẹ các học viên với nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu vào thời ấy.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong thời gian hai năm thử nghiệm, các chi phí kể cả học phí và nhu cầu hàng ngày đều được nhà Dòng cung cấp miễn phí. Trong năm đầu, anh Pina và các bạn phải ôn lại văn phạm tiếng La Tinh và tiếng Hy Lạp. Vào giờ giải trí, các học viên</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;đều cố gắng đàm thoại với nhau bằng tiếng La Tinh.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn18" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;18&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Đây là điều đã được nhắc nhở trong nội qui của nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn19" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;19&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">: “Đặc biệt là các học viên đang theo đuổi nhân văn học (humanities), họ phải nói tiếng La-Tinh thường xuyên…” Vì thế, ngoài tiếng mẹ đẻ và tiếng Hy Lạp, không một ai ngạc nhiên khi các vị thừa sai đến Đàng Trong đều thông suốt tiếng La Tinh. Sự hiểu biết về tiếng La Tinh rất quan trọng vì khi lên những lớp cao hơn như triết học (philosophy) hay thần học (theology), các giáo sư đều dạy bài vở bằng tiếng nói này. Ngoài hai tiếng La Tinh và Hy Lạp (lẫn tiếng Do Thái), anh Pina còn phải học thêm lịch sử (history) và thơ văn (poetry) trước khi được cho phép rời chương trình thử nghiệm trong Nhà Tập.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau hai năm đầu nội trú, dựa vào chương trình nhà Dòng, đáng lẽ anh Pina đã thông thạo La Tinh diễn theo lối cổ điển của tác giả Cicero, nhưng vì một lý do nào đó, Pina vẫn chưa hội đủ điều kiện này vì bằng cớ cho thấy rằng trong năm học thứ ba (1607), Pina phải tiếp tục nội trú ở trường đại học Dòng Chúa Giêsu để học xong lớp Biện Luận (Rhetoric).</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn20" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;20&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Có lẽ là một người sống miền rừng núi ở Guarda và cũng là một người chất phác, Pina không quen sử dụng lối viết văn vẻ hùng hồn, bóng bẩy, và kinh điển của Cicero hay các tác giả khác mà các học viên như anh phải theo đuổi trong lúc trình bày bài tập của mình. Vì thế, anh bị bắt buộc phải học thêm lớp Biện Luận để trau dồi tiếng La Tinh của mình và tập trình bày đọc diễn văn một cách uyển chuyển theo lề lối.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cuối năm thứ hai trong Viện Sơ Tu, anh Pina được chính thức chấp nhận vào Dòng Chúa Giêsu với tính cách là một thành viên thực thụ (approved scholastic). Có lẽ anh đã vui mừng khôn tả vì anh biết tâm nguyện của anh đã hoàn thành. Nhưng điều mà anh mong muốn nhất là được chấp thuận đến Nhật Bản để truyền giáo. Cách đó không lâu, với những lời chân thành từ đáy lòng, anh đã nộp đơn xin tình nguyện và đang chờ đợi câu trả lời của Cha Claudio Acquaviva, Bề Trên Tổng Quyền (Superior General) của Dòng Chúa Giêsu. Vào năm 1607, hoàn tất chương trình hai năm Nhà Tập, dưới sự hướng dẫn của Cha Bề Trên, anh đã lập lại những lời như sau:</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn21" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;21&#93;</span></span></a></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><i style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">“I, Francisco de Pina, promise to Almighty God, in the presence of his Virgin Mother and the whole heavenly court, and to you, Reverend Father Claudio Acquaviva, Superior General of the Society of Jesus and the one holding the place of God, and to your successors, perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience; and, in conformity with it, special care for the instruction of children, according to the manner indicated in the apostolic letters and Constitutions of the aforementioned Society.</span></span></i></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><i style="box-sizing:border-box">Coimbra, in such a place, day, month, 1607”</i></span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tạm dịch là:</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><i style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">“Tôi, Francisco de Pina, xin hứa với Thiên Chúa Toàn Năng, dưới sự chứng kiến của Đức Mẹ Đồng Trinh và toàn thể Triều thần Thiên Quốc, và với Cha Claudio Acquiviva, Bề Trên Tổng Quyền Dòng Chúa Giêsu và là người thay mặt Thiên Chúa và với những người kế vị của cha, sự nghèo khó, tịnh khiết và tuân phục vĩnh viễn; và, phù hợp với nhà dòng, chăm sóc đặc biệt cho việc dạy dỗ trẻ em, theo cách thức được chỉ định trong các lá thư tông đồ và nội qui của nhà dòng nói ở trên.</span></span></i></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><i style="box-sizing:border-box">Coimbra,, ngày ___, tháng___, năm 1607”</i></span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau khi Pina lập thệ ba lời khấn: đó là luôn luôn giữ gìn mình khiết tịnh, lúc nào cũng sống trong tình trạng khó nghèo và mãi mãi vâng lời nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu, anh trở thành một thầy dòng (brother) trong Dòng Chúa Giêsu. Điều quan trọng hơn nữa là anh đã nhận thấy một tương lai tươi sáng đang đón chờ mình. Sau khi tuyên khấn, Cha Bề Trên đã cho anh biết, dựa theo khả năng của anh, thì hiện tại anh sẽ được chấp nhận vào chương trình Scholastic (Kinh Viện).</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nhưng trước khi tiếp tục chương trình học của một scholastic, anh phải dành một vài năm đi dạy một lớp La Tinh hay Hy Lạp ở cấp bậc tiểu học. Cha Bề Trên cũng cho anh biết rằng nếu anh lựa chọn con dường tình nguyện qua các nước Á Châu để giảng đạo, điều kiện này sẽ được miễn hạn cho anh.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong chương trình Scholastic, việc học của Pina sẽ chia làm hai giai đoạn. Trước hết anh phải học xong lớp triết lý (3 năm) - Lớp này bao gồm Lý Luận Học (Logic), lớp Triết Lý Thiên Nhiên (Natural Philosophy), lớp Đạo Đức (Ethics) và lớp Siêu Hình Học (Metaphysics). Những lớp triết lý này đều dựa theo sách vở của Aristotle. Trong lớp Triết Lý Thiên Nhiên, học viên sẽ học cả thiên văn và toán học. Sau giai đoạn này, anh sẽ được bổ nhiệm đi dạy triết lý trong một vài năm và sau đó, sẽ ghi danh vào học lớp thần học. Đây là giai đoạn khó nhất trong lãnh vực tu hành và học vấn của anh. Trong những năm cuối cùng, các sinh viên sẽ trãi qua chương trình Thần Học rất khó khăn bao gồm Thần Học Luân Lý (Moral Theology) và Thần Học Suy Lý (Speculative Theology)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn22" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;22&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Học xong lớp này, anh có thể giảng đạo và nghe xưng tội của các Kitô hữu. Trong khoảng cuối năm thứ ba của lớp thần học, một vị Giám Mục (bishop) dưới quyền Đức Giáo Hoàng sẽ ban cho Pina chức Linh Mục (Priest) trong nghi lễ Phong Chức (Ordination) của anh. Nhưng điều này không có nghĩa rằng anh đã xong việc học vì anh sẽ phải học xong năm thứ tư của lớp thần học.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Học xong năm cuối của thần học, Pina phải trải qua một năm cuối cùng của thử thách. Giống như hai năm ròng rã ở Sơ Tu, anh phải tu thân bằng cách ngồi tĩnh tâm theo lối dạy dỗ của Thánh Layola, đi thăm bệnh nhân trong nhà thương, dạy dỗ trẻ em hay người già nua và kể cả, đi lang thang khất thực - Anh sẽ phải thực hiện được mỗi hoạt động này cho mỗi tháng, kéo dài cho đến hết một năm. Thời gian tu luyện này được gọi là tertianship. Sau đó anh sẽ tuyên thệ với ba lời thề (giống như những năm trước khi còn ở trong Viện Sơ Tu) và thực thụ trở thành một Trợ Giáo Tâm Linh (Spiritual Coadjutor)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn23" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;23&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trong Dòng Chúa Giêsu.</span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cũng có thể con đường học vấn đến đây là chấm dứt cho anh, nếu số điểm thi trong hai lớp cuối cùng anh kém hơn mức “mediocre”. Nhưng nếu trình độ học của anh vượt trội hơn đó, anh sẽ được tuyển chọn, gia nhập vào chương trình Profession</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn24" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;24&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Đây là một lý tưởng cao nhất mà một tu sĩ nhà Dòng thường mơ ước để trở thành một Bề Trên (Superior), Giám Tỉnh (Provincial), Khâm Sai (Visitor) hay Bề Trên Tổng Quyền (Superior General). Trong chương trình Profession, trước khi chính thức trở thành một professed, điều kiện tiên quyết là anh phải vượt qua chương trình giáo sĩ với ba lời thề. Sau đó, anh sẽ phải tuyên thệ một lần nữa với 4 lời thề mà trong lời thề cuối cùng, anh sẽ tuyệt đối, luôn luôn trung thành với Đức Giáo Hoàng.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong trường hợp của Cha Pina, dựa theo lịch sử, chúng ta đã thấy khi ngài ra trường, ngài chỉ trở thành một giáo sĩ bé nhỏ với ba lời thề mà thôi. Vì thế, sau nhiều năm phục vụ cho Dòng Chúa Giêsu, chức vụ cao nhất mà anh có thể được giao phó sẽ chỉ có thể lên đến chức vụ Giám Học của Viện Sơ Tu (Novice Master) hay cao hơn nữa là Viện Trưởng (Rector) của một trường đại học</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn25" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;25&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Đến đầu năm 1616, anh Pina cùng bốn người bạn được báo tin sửa soạn về Malacca để nhận lãnh chức Linh Mục</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn26" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;26&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">, nhưng mãi đến năm sau, đó là tháng 10, 1617, Pina được chính thức được gọi là “Cha Pina” hay Linh Mục Pina</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn27" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;27&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;- Hãy xem Hình 4.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nên chú ý rằng ngoài con đường tu hành để trở thành một Giáo Sĩ trong Hình 4 còn cho thấy con đường lựa chọn khác của một trong nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu, đó là giáo chức phụ tá gọi là Temporal Coadjutor. Dĩ nhiên, Pina không theo con đường tu hành này. Riêng Temporal Coadjutors là những người theo đạo và tình nguyện tuân theo nội qui của Dòng Chúa Giêsu, nhưng vì họ thiếu học thức không thể theo được con đường học vấn để trở thành một vị Giáo Sĩ. Vì thế, suốt đời họ chỉ có thể là những tu huynh (Lay Brothers) trong nhà dòng. Họ theo đạo và sẽ trở thành những tu sĩ trông lo việc trần tục trong nhà Dòng như là quản lý, khuân vác, quản gia, nhà bếp, làm vườn, v.v… Thí dụ điển hình là các tu sĩ Anh Paul Saito (1576-1633), Joseph Tsuchimochi (1568-?) và Diogo Dias (1578-?) tháp tùng theo phái đoàn dẫn đầu bởi Cha Diogo Carvalho (1578-1624)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn28" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;28&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;và Cha Francesco Buzomi (1576-1639)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn29" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;29&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;đáp xuống cửa Hàn, Đà Nẵng năm 1615. Trong phái đoàn này, chỉ là những phụ tá temporal coadjutors. Họ không có quyền giảng đạo hay giải tội mà chỉ vâng lời chỉ dạy và sai bảo của các cha bề trên trong những công việc nặng nhọc hằng ngày. Nhưng họ có thể ghi danh và theo đuổi việc học như những tu sĩ khác. Họ cũng có thể xin phép tách rời dòng Chúa Giêsu bất cứ lúc nào mà không phải chịu đựng thêm một nghĩa vụ hay hình phạt nào.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hiện tại, dĩ nhiên là Pina nhận lời một cách vui vẻ vì anh vừa mới xong ba năm thử thách trong Viện Sơ Tu và tuyên thệ xong là sẽ vâng lời nhà Dòng một cách tuyệt đối. Mặc dầu chương trình học còn rất dài, hiện tại, anh chỉ hoàn tất khoảng 1/3 đoạn đường. Con đường tiếp theo sẽ là triết lý học (Philosophy) cho ba năm sau. Đó là không kể bốn năm ròng rã theo thần học (Theology) tiếp sau đó. Theo anh, đó là việc của tương lai anh không dám nghĩ đến. Hiện tại, anh đang say sưa thêm một tin vui khác, đó là, Cha Bề Trên Tổng Quyền Acquaviva đã chấp thuận cho anh tiến hành cuộc hành trình qua Goa, Ấn Độ.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong thực tế, hành trình học vấn và tu hành của anh không hoàn toàn giống như những sự giải thích của Cha Bề Trên. Vì sẽ được qua Goa học hành và sau đó tạm dừng ở Macao, trước khi đến Nhật Bản hành đạo, nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu đã miễn cho anh nhiều năm phải dạy học trong cấp bậc tiểu và trung học, có lẽ vì cuộc hành trình vượt biển đến Goa quá khó khăn và nguy hiểm - Khoảng hơn nửa số tu sĩ gửi đi qua Á Châu đều bị mất mạng trên biển cả.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn30" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;30&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ngay cả năm thử thách cuối cùng tertianship có thể cũng được bãi bỏ cho anh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/chuong-trinh-hoc-va-hanh-trinh-tu-hanh-cua-cha-pina.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 4 – Chương Trình Học và Hành Trình Tu Hành của Cha Pina (1605-1617)</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cuộc Hải Hành Vượt Trùng Dương Qua Goa, Ấn Độ</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Quần Áo, Thức Ăn và Nước Uống Mang Theo</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khoảng giữa tháng ba, năm 1608, trong tay cầm giấy thông hành đến Goa, được lệnh chỉ thị của Cha Bề Trên rằng anh không được trình diện quá trễ - Nếu trễ, họ sẽ thay thế anh với một sinh viên khác, anh Pina đón xe ngựa chạy về hướng trường đại học Santo Antão, thuộc thành phố Lisbon, nơi tụ họp của các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu trước khi lên tàu đi Ấn Độ</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn31" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;31&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Không hiểu lúc ấy, trước khi rời xa Coimbra, anh có được phép về thăm gia đình ở Guarda hay không. Nhưng nếu anh theo đường lối của Thánh Francisco Xavier vào năm 1541 thì anh sẽ không ghé thăm họ</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn32" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;32&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;- Điều này rất có thể đã xảy ra vì trong nội qui nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu khích lệ học viên nội trú cắt đứt liên lạc với gia đình.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau khi trình diện xong, anh mới biết được rằng phái đoàn Dòng Chúa Giêsu gồm có tám người (Hãy xem Hình 5).</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn33" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;33&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/danh-sach-8-tu-si-nguoi-bo-dao-nha-cung-chuyen-tau-di-goa-nam-1608.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 5 -Danh Sách 8 Tu Sĩ Người Bồ Đáp Cùng Chuyến Tàu Đi Goa Năm 1608</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.30j0zll" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Người đứng đầu là Cha Bề Trên Nicolas Vieira và Cha Francisco Rodrigues. Ngoại trừ hai người này, kể luôn cả anh, tất cả những người khác đều là tu sĩ tập sự như là Manoel Borges (1584-1633),</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn34" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;34&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Manoel Lopes (1583-1627),</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn35" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;35&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Avares Semedo (1585-1658),</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn36" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;36&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Bernado Luis và Francisco Ferraz. Trong sáu người trai trẻ, cả ba anh Borges, Lopes và Semedo đều lớn hơn Pina một vài tuổi, ghi danh vào chương trình ở Viện Sơ Tu sớm hơn anh và vì thế, người nào cũng học xong lớp triết lý trước khi rời Coimbra hay Évora, nơi họ đã gia nhập vào Dòng Chúa Giêsu. Hiện nay, họ chỉ còn thiếu lớp cuối cùng Thần Học mà thôi. Thí dụ như, chỉ so sánh với Borges thì Pina còn kém xa trong việc học vì Borges đã có kinh nghiệm dạy học La Tinh 5 năm trời ở Braga. Trong nhóm thanh niên khởi hành qua Goa kỳ này, Borges là người thâm niên nhất.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Biết rõ chuyến hành trình nhiều gian nan và nguy hiểm, Cha Bề Trên Vieira chắc chắn đã trao nhiệm vụ cho mọi người. Cha Rodrigues có lẽ được giao cho nhiệm vụ trừ bị thay thế cho Cha Vieira, nếu chuyện không may xảy ra cho ngài. Kế đó, người thâm niên nhất phải là Borges; sau đó đến Lopes. Riêng Pina, Luis và Ferraz là ba sinh viên trẻ trung và thiếu kinh nghiệm nhất (cũng có thể Luis và Ferraz là hai tu huynh, nhưng hiện nay chúng ta không tìm ra một tài liệu nào về hai anh này).</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Rất có thể Pina đã được giao cho nhiệm vụ nấu cơm cho mọi người trong nhóm tu sĩ Giêsu - Trên tàu họ chỉ ăn một bữa vào khoảng 12 giờ trưa. Ngoại trừ các tu sĩ, mỗi hành khách phải lo cho việc ăn uống hàng ngày cho chính mình. Vì thế, khi họ bị bệnh và có thể không đi lại được, họ có thể bị mất mạng. Trong những trường hợp khẩn cấp này, các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu thường qua lại, đút thức ăn hay thuốc cho những bệnh nhân này. Cũng có thể Pina được giao cho trọng trách này. Ngoài ra, anh có thể được giao cho nhiệm vụ đến với người bệnh và khuyến khích họ xưng tội, nhất khi họ có rủi ro gì trước khi qua đời. Đây là một điều rất quan trọng cho những giáo dân đang có mặt trên tàu. Vì chỉ là một sinh viên trẻ mới trải qua thử thách của nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu sau lớp sơ tu, anh không thể giảng đạo hay nghe lời xưng tội của giáo dân trên tàu được. Nhiệm vụ này chỉ có thể giao cho những giáo sĩ trong phái đoàn đã được chứng nhận bởi một giám mục mà thôi.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nghiên cứu kỹ danh sách trên, chúng ta cũng nhận thấy rằng cả tên của hai nhân vật “Emmanuel Borges” với dấu thập và “Emmanuel Lopes” được thêm chữ P(adre) ở đầu. Điều này chứng tỏ họ đã được ban cho chức Linh Mục và chính thức được phép giảng đạo lẫn giải tội. Riêng Cha Borges, vì gia nhập Sơ Tu sớm hơn (1601), trước khi lên đường đến Goa, có lẽ anh đã học xong lớp triết lý và một hay hai năm của Thần Học. Trước năm 1608, tuy anh được phong chức Linh Mục hơi sớm, nhưng đó là điều có thể đã xảy ra vì trước khi lên đường, anh đang học lớp Thần Học. Còn Cha Lopes thì sao? Lý do nào mà anh có thể được thăng chức nhanh chóng như thế? Anh này trước khi lên đường qua Goa chỉ học xong lớp triết học thôi. Vì thế, anh sẽ cần phải học thêm 4 năm nữa cho lớp thần học cơ mà. Bình thường nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu rất theo đúng nguyên tắc trong nội qui. Họ sẽ không nâng đỡ bất cứ tu sĩ nào chưa hội đủ điều kiện học vấn. Nếu có, khi nào họ đã được thăng chức cho anh và ở đâu vì lúc này, anh không hội đủ điều kiện được phong chức thành Linh Mục? Điều bí ẩn này sẽ cần thêm nhiều nghiên cứu và một câu giải đáp. Cũng có thể, khi đáp tàu về Goa, nhờ công lao tận tụy trên tàu chăm sóc cho bệnh nhân nên vị Giám Mục ở Goa thay mặt tòa thánh Vatican và phong chức Linh Mục cho anh. Chúng ta nên nhớ rằng tài liệu trích ra trong Hình 5 được phát hành trong năm 1725 - hơn 100 năm sau chuyến tàu định mạng này. Cho nên sự kiện trên sẽ cần nghiệm chứng lại.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tương tự như Cha Dominique Jeunehomme</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn37" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;37&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;sửa soạn lên đường đến Goa vào năm 1629 đã mang theo, trước khi khởi hành, Pina đã sửa soạn kỹ lưỡng cho đồ dùng cá nhân của mình. Trên tàu, cũng như các tu sĩ khác, anh được phép mang theo một cái rương nhỏ chứa đựng hai loại quần áo mỏng và dầy sửa soạn cho những vùng biển nóng bức gần xích đạo hay nơi có nhiều giông tố như Mũi Hảo Vọng. Ngoài ra, anh cũng mang theo một ít thức ăn, thuốc thang thường dùng, chăn chiếu, sách vở và một cái bàn thờ nhỏ.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn38" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;38&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Không may mắn như anh, có một số hành khách trên tàu, ngoài manh áo mặc trên người, họ không mang theo một tấm vải nào khác. Đây là là một thiếu sót và lỗi lầm rất lớn vì khi con tàu Vencimento chìm đắm dưới những cơn mưa nóng bỏng trong vùng Xích Đạo hay ngược lại, cái rét mướt căm căm do sóng to, gió lớn gần Mũi Hảo Vọng, họ mới nhận thức rằng mình đã thiếu chu đáo trước khi lên đường. Vì thế, có thể họ phải trả với một giá rất đắt vì sự lơ là này.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vài ngày trước khi khởi hành, các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu bắt đầu mướn xe và chở đồ dùng và thức ăn lên tàu ngay thương cảng Lisbon. Khi dừng ngựa ở bến tàu, không khó khăn gì cho lắm, họ đã tìm đựợc con thuyền buôn khổng lồ có tên là Nossa Senhora Vencimento da Monté da Carmo. Đã nhận lãnh phụ trách là một quản lý viên (procurator), Cha Bề Trên Vieira dĩ nhiên là có nhiều kinh nghiệm qua lại từ Lisbon đến Goa. Ngài biết đi bằng thuyền buồm sẽ tốn ít nhất 6 tháng mới đến nơi, nếu thời tiết thuận lợi và không gặp phải hải tặc. Việc trước tiên bây giờ là lo dự trữ thức ăn cho 8 người họ tiêu thụ trong vòng khoảng 6 tháng này. Ngài cũng hy vọng, nếu có việc gì trắc trở, con thuyền sẽ có thể tạm dừng chân ở hòn đảo Mozambique nằm ở phía đông lục địa Phi Châu để tiếp ứng thêm thức ăn và nước uống - Hãy xem Hình 9. Tuy hiện nay không một tài liệu nào còn lại cho thấy họ khuân lên tàu những thứ gì, nhưng sau đây là một danh sách thức ăn mà các Tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu được phép tải lên tàu vào năm 1576 kê khai cho mỗi đầu người (Hãy xem Bảng 1):&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</div><table class="Table" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border-radius:0px !important; border:none" width="100%">	<tbody style="box-sizing:border-box">		<tr>			<td style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Thứ Tự</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Thực Phẩm</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Số Lượng Thực Phẩm/Mỗi Tu Sĩ cho Cuộc Hành Trình</span></span><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn39" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;39&#93;</span></span></a></b></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Số Dự Trữ cho 8 Tu Sĩ</span></span><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn40" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;40&#93;</span></span></a></b></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Mức Phân Phối cho Mỗi Thường Dân Trên Tàu Mỗi Ngày</span></span><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn41" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;41&#93;</span></span></a></b></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ghi Chú</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Rượu Vang</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">75 lít</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hơn 1 thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1 Lít</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tất cả thức ăn, nước uống được cung cấp cho cuộc hành trình trong vòng 6 tháng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nước</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">4 thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">32 Thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">2.7 lít</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">570 lít/thùng trung bình (pipa)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Bánh Biscuit</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">4 Thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">32 Thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Gần 1 kg</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Thịt Heo Tẩm Muối</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">8 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Thịt Bò Xăn Muối</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">30 Kg</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">240 Kg</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">250 g thịt</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Gà Sống</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">100 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">800 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sườn Heo</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">50 Miếng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">400 Miếng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">8</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Dồi Heo</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">60 Cái</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">480 Cái</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">9</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cá Khô Các Loại</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">150 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1,200 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">5 Con</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">10</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Bí Ngô</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">15 Trái</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">120 Trái</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">11</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Gạo</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">10 Bao</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">80 Bao</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">12</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Mì</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1 Thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">8 Thùng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">13</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hành Củ</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">3 Bao</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">24 Bao</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">14</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Gia Vị</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1 lb/mỗi thứ</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">8 Lbs/mỗi thứ</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">15</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Olive Oil</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">0.4 lít cho 6 tháng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">16</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Dấm</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">0.8 lít cho mỗi tuần</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">17</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đường</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">325 g cho 6 tháng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 51px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">18</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 81px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Mật Ong</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 109px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 87px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 100px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">325 g cho 6 tháng</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 148px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>	</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Bảng 1 -Số Lượng Thức Ăn Hàng Ngày của Các Tu Sĩ Giêsu so với Hành Khách Trên Tàu (1576)</span></span></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khi so sánh số lượng thực phẩm mang theo từ các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu và của hành khách trên tàu (Cột thứ ba so với cột thứ năm), chúng ta có thể nhận định rằng ở trên tàu, về phương diện ăn uống, các tu sĩ đã được ưu đãi hơn rất nhiều. Tuy số lượng rượu dùng hàng ngày của họ ít ỏi hơn, nhưng họ có nhiều loại thịt để ăn như thịt bò, thịt heo và thịt gà. Riêng về thịt gà, họ được phép mang theo 100 con gà sống cho mỗi người. Nếu tính luôn cả số gà cho 8 người thì số gà này lên đến 800 con; thật sự tôi không hiểu làm cách nào mà họ có thể mang theo nhiều gà như thế. Có thể người Bồ mang theo nô lệ để chăm sóc cho gia súc mang theo. Nếu mang theo gà lớn, ăn sẵn, thì họ không thể nào tiêu thụ chúng trong vòng một thời gian ngắn được. Còn nếu họ mang theo gà con thì chỉ trong vòng ba bốn tháng sau, gà lớn lên đủ để ăn. Đây cũng là một điều rất phiền phức vì phải có đủ thực phẩm lẫn nước uống cho chúng. Đó là không kể mùi vị hôi thối xông ra từ phân gà nữa. Chúng ta không thể tưởng tượng rằng trong cuộc hành trình này, lúc đương đầu với sống chết, họ còn có đủ thì giờ chăm lo cho đám gà mang theo. Đó là không nói đến số gà chết vì nóng dưới gầm tàu khi thuyền của họ tiến gần đến đường xích đạo, dọc theo bờ biển Guinea.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nơi đó, vì không có gió, độ ẩm lại cao; nhiệt độ lại tăng cao lên đến 100 độ F hằng ngày.&nbsp;Có lẽ số gà bị tiêu vong thật là vô số.</span></span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Thật sự số gà sống được mang lên tàu mà các tu sĩ Giêsu nuôi dưỡng là một số nhỏ. Nếu bao gồm luôn cả những hành khách giàu có, số gà có thể lên tới hơn 10.000 con</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn42" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;42&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Đó là không kể số gia súc bao gồm luôn cả bò, heo, cừu, vịt và thỏ nuôi trên tàu.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn43" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;43&#93;</span></span></a></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Con Tàu Buôn Nossa Senhora Vencimento da Monté da Carmo</span></span></b></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lúc các tu sĩ, kể cả Pina, đang sửa soạn chất thực phẩm lên tàu. Chung quanh họ, khoảng 900</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn44" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;44&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;hành khách khác cũng sửa soạn như thế. Trong số đó, có một hành khách tên là Jean Mocquet (1575-1617), một nhà thám hiểm người Pháp đang trên hành trình đến Goa. Mục đích của ông ta là đi du ngoạn thế giới để mang về cho vua Pháp Henry IV (1553-1610) những vật lạ từ các nước khác. Vào năm 1608, khi khởi hành đến Lisbon với mục đích qua Goa, Ấn Độ, đây là chuyến hành trình thứ tư của ông ta trong năm chuyến du lịch khắp thế giới. Dĩ nhiên là mặc dù đáp tàu cùng một chuyến, nhưng các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu không hề quen biết ông Mocquet. Nhưng sau chuyến du lịch nhiều mạo hiểm và nguy hiểm vượt trùng dương băng qua Phi Châu và cuối cùng đến Goa, sau khi về Pháp, ông đã viết trong sách của ông ấn hành năm 1616. Nhờ đó mà chúng ta mới biết nỗi khổ cực của những hành khách cũng như các tu sĩ trẻ tuổi với lòng đầy nhiệt huyết như Pina. Có lẽ chuyến đi này là một thử thách và cũng là kinh nghiệm cuộc đời rất đáng giá vì sau chuyến hành trình này, họ sẽ trở thành những con người từng trải và có một cái nhìn về cuộc sống khác hẳn với những người khác.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Chiếc thuyền buồm Vencimento là một trong số những con tàu buôn to lớn nhất thế giới vào thời ấy với trọng lượng khoảng 2.000 tấn.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn45" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;45&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nếu đem so sánh giữa nó và chiếc tàu Madre de Deus mà người Anh đánh cướp được từ người Bồ năm 1592, chiếc Vencimento có phần lớn hơn (2.000 tấn so với 1.600 tấn). Vì thế, nó có thể dài hơn 165 ft (50m) và rộng hơn 47 ft (14.5m).</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn46" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;46&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Số lượng hàng hóa chứa trên tàu lên tới 120.000 cubic feet.</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn47" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600">&#91;47&#93;</a>&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nó được chỉ định là tàu chỉ huy dưới quyền Hạm Trưởng Bá Tước Feira, người đã được bổ nhiệm đến Goa làm chức Thống Đốc. Nhiệm kỳ của ông sẽ là ba năm. Dựa theo hành trình, nếu mọi việc đều ổn thoả đoàn tàu buôn của ông sẽ đáp bến thuộc địa Goa trong vòng tháng 9 hay tháng 10 năm 1608. Ông Jean Mocquet được mời theo làm tùy tùng viên của Bá Tước Feira. Hạm đội này gồm có 5 chiếc tàu buôn to (carrack) được hộ tống bởi 7 chiến thuyền (galleon) trang bị đầy đủ bằng súng đại bác thời ấy và 2 chiếc thuyền chuyên chở thực phẩm (urcas)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn48" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;48&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Trong thời gian này trong lịch sử, nước Bồ Đào Nha đang bị Tây Ban Nha cai trị và vì thế, đang lâm vào chiến tranh với nước Hòa Lan và Anh Quốc. Các tàu chiến của hai nước này thường phục kích hải thuyền của nước Bồ tại các hải đảo như Azores, São Tóme, São Helena,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn49" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;49&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;hay Mozambique, những nơi có thể cung cấp nước ngọt và thức ăn cho hạm đội thủy quân Bồ. Vì thế, nếu thời tiết thuận lợi và không gặp trở ngại trên hành trình, họ sẽ cố gắng không dừng lại nơi nào.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau đây là bảng tóm tắt cuộc hành trình của tàu Vencimento (và một số thuyền khác) đến Goa và Macao (Hãy xem Bảng 2):</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</div><div align="center" style="border-radius:0px !important"><table class="Table" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border-radius:0px !important; border:none" width="100%">	<tbody style="box-sizing:border-box">		<tr>			<td style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ngày</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Địa Điểm</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Biến Cố</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">28 tháng 3, 1608</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn50" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;50&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lisbon</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hạm đội gồm có 5 tàu buôn lớn, 7 chiến thuyền và 2 thuyền cung cấp. Tám tu sĩ nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu trên chiếc Vencimento. Hạm đội chỉ huy bởi Bá Tước Feira.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">9 tháng 5, 1608</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn51" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;51&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Xích Đạo</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Bá Tước Feira bị sốt; sau 6 ngày qua đời. Xác ngài được thuyền cung cấp David mang về Lisbon.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">29 tháng 9, 1608</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn52" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;52&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đảo Mozambique</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vencimento cùng ba chiến thuyền dừng chân ở Mozambique trong 5 tháng.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">20 tháng 3, 1609</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn53" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;53&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đảo Mozambique</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vencimento cùng ba chiến thuyền rời Mozambique.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">26 tháng 5, 1609</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn54" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;54&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Goa</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vencimento cập bến Goa, Ấn Độ.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>		<tr>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 114px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khoảng tháng 5, 1611 hay 1612</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn55" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;55&#93;</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 137px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Macao</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0in 7px; width: 258px; border-top: none; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: none; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau 3 năm học xong lớp triết lý, Pina đón thuyền đi Macao. Khoảng 2 tháng sau, anh cập bến Macao.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>		</tr>	</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Bảng 2 -Tóm Tắt Chuyến Hải Hành của Cha Pina</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vào ngày 29 tháng 3 năm 1608, sau khi Bá Tước Feira ra lệnh khởi hành (Hãy xem Hình 6).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/tau-buon-bo-dao-nha-tu-nam-1520.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 6 - Tàu Buôn Bồ Đào Nha từ năm 1520 (trích từ Bảo tàng Nghệ thuật Cổ đại Quốc gia Bồ Đào Nha ở Lisbon)</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trên tàu chỉ huy Vencimento, tiếng súng nổ vang rền, ra hiệu rời bến. Hạm đội bao gồm 14 chiếc thuyền, lần lượt ra khơi nhắm về cửa biển Targus. Hàng năm, các tàu buôn nước Bồ thường xuất hành khoảng thời gian này để qua Ấn Độ để mua các gia vị. Kể từ khi đánh chiếm được thành phố Goa và tách rời nó khỏi Ấn Độ từ năm 1510, Bồ Đào Nha chiếm độc quyền trong việc buôn bán và phân phối gia vị ở Âu Châu. Nước Bồ trở nên hùng mạnh hơn. Một mặt khác, dưới sự bảo trợ của Đức Giáo Hoàng và vua Bồ, các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu được phép lên đường qua Ấn Độ sang Nhật Bản, Trung Quốc để truyền giáo.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Có lẽ giống như trong chuyến hành trình của Cha Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) vào năm 1578,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn56" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;56&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;là những nhân vật được trọng vọng trong xã hội, tám vị nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu có thể được trao cho hai phòng ngủ rất nhỏ bé - mỗi phòng chỉ khoảng 8 ft x 10ft</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn57" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;57&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;và trong đó có kê 4 cái giường nhỏ</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn58" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;58&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;cho bốn vị tu sĩ, nhưng có cửa sổ hướng ra mặt biển ở phía sau thuyền. Đây là một vinh dự cho các ngài vì họ được đối xử như những vị sĩ quan quan trọng trong bộ chỉ huy của hạm trưởng. Nhưng ông Mocquet không được nhiều trọng vọng như thế. Là một thường dân, giường của ông là một tấm nệm rơm mà ông mang theo được đặt trên boong tàu.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn59" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;59&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Đêm về, chiếc màn của ông là bầu trời bao la đầy trăng sao sáng tỏ. Không những vậy, mỗi ngày ông phải chìa tay xin khẩu phần thức ăn như bao nhiêu hành khách khác mà thuyền trưởng đã phân phát. Tối ngủ, nằm trên boong tàu, ông cũng như nhiều người khác phải chịu cảnh mưa đổ xuống bất chợt khi con thuyền dọc theo bờ biển phía tây Phi Châu. Khác hẳn với ông Mocquet, các tu sĩ được quyền mang theo thức ăn, rượu vang và nước uống riêng lên tàu. Nhưng đây cũng là một gánh nặng vì phòng ốc quá chật chội, các ngài phải chứa chất nào chai, thùng lẫn bao khắp phòng và ngập lên như núi. Nhiều quá đến nỗi các ngài phải len lỏi bước đến chiếc giường cỏn con chỉ vừa vặn cho một thân người nằm. Về đêm, duỗi chân có phần rất khó khăn vì chiếc giường con quá ngắn. Người nào có chân dài sẽ đụng cả lên đầu người nằm kế bên. Không những vậy, đêm xuống chuột chạy nhảy tứ tung tìm thức ăn trong phòng; nó leo cả lên người đang nằm trên giường mà không một chút mấy sợ hãi.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn60" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;60&#93;</span></span></a></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Có lẽ trong ngày đầu mọi người đều hăng hái chen lấn nhau trên boong tàu để ngắm vẻ đẹp thiên nhiên, bao la và hùng vĩ của biển cả. Đối với nhiều người như Pina, là dân sống miền núi non, có lẽ anh chưa bao giờ được đi biển cả. Chẳng bao lâu, gió căng buồm, thổi mạnh, con thuyền vượt sóng biển lướt lên trước. Ra khơi khung thuyền bắt đầu chòng chành, thuyền lắc lẻo theo sóng làm mọi người cảm thấy không đứng vững. Mặt mày choáng váng. Bụng bắt đầu muốn ói mửa. Một số người may mắn đứng vịn thành tàu, nghiêng người hướng ra biển. Sau khi mửa xong, tuy bụng đã cạn, nhưng đầu óc vẫn còn quay cuồng. Tội nghiệp thay cho những người đứng hay ngồi giữa lòng tàu, họ không thể kiềm chế được bao tử và bắt đầu ói mửa toé lên quần áo của người bên cạnh. Cảnh hổn độn, kêu la và chửi bởi ngập trời không thể diễn tả được.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn61" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;61&#93;</span></span></a></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đoàn tàu buồm hùng vĩ nối đuôi nhau về hướng Nam, Tây-Nam nơi mà họ sẽ đi qua quần đảo Madeira trước tiên (Hãy theo dõi hành trình của hạm đội trong Hình 7).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/hanh-trinh-cha-pina-tu-lisbon-bo-dao-nha-den-goa-an-do-1608-1609.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 7 - Hành Trình Cha Pina Từ Lisbon, Bồ Đào Nha Đến Goa, Ấn Độ (1608-1609) Theo Đường Vòng Trong – Vẽ Bởi Tác Giả</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau 4-5 ngày, nhìn xa xa cảnh hùng vĩ của nước và núi non, mọi người biết mình đã đến gần quần đảo này. Từ đây, theo làn gió thổi mạnh, những con thuyền lần lượt vượt trùng dương bỏ lại phía sau mỗi ngày một xa hơn. Theo tục lệ hải hành vào thời ấy, khi qua khỏi quần đảo Madeira, hạm đội không cần cấu kết thành một đội hình mà có thể tiến hành một cách riêng rẽ. Trên tàu, nhìn qua hông tàu, ông Mocquet nhận ra chiến thuyền Bom Jesus đang rẽ sóng thật nhanh, vượt qua chiếc Vencimento và mất hút ở cuối chân trời. Thương thay, mấy tháng sau, khi gặp lại nhau thì nó chỉ còn lại cái vỏ cháy nám, trôi nổi vô định trên vùng biển Mozambique.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn62" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;62&#93;</span></span></a></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Dựa theo tiến trình gần 100 năm nay, người Bồ có thể tự tin đã quen thuộc với con đường biển đi qua Goa để mua gia vị. Nói chung, khi rời hải cảng Lisbon, đoàn thuyền buôn và chiến thuyền hộ tống sẽ theo dòng nước ngầm Canary chảy xuống phía nam. Dòng nước này sẽ di chuyển bên cạnh ba quần đảo: Madeira, Canaries và Cape Verde. Dựa theo chiều gió thổi, buồm sẽ căng ra. Thuận theo dòng nước biển Canary, thuyền theo gió đẩy thẳng họ xuống phía nam dọc theo bờ biển Phi Châu, gần Vịnh Guinea. Tuy nhiên, khi đến Cape Verde, dòng nước ngầm Canary sẽ chia ra làm hai ngả; một nửa sẽ đi về hướng tây và sát nhập với dòng nước ngầm Bắc Xích Đạo (North Equatorial Current) - Dòng nước này đi về phía tây, tây-bắc theo chiều kim đồng hồ. Trong khi đó, một nửa kia được đổi tên là dòng nước ngầm Guinea tiếp tục chảy dọc theo bờ biển các nước như Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leon, v.v... chảy thẳng xuống Vịnh Guinea. Điều đáng lo ngại là sau khi qua khỏi Cape Verde, khí hậu cũng bắt đầu thay đổi hẳn. Nhiệt độ cũng như độ ẩm thấp bắt đầu gia tăng.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khi họ vượt qua khỏi Cape Verde, còn cuộc hành trình kế tiếp, vị thuyền trưởng không còn tự tin tài năng của mình cho lắm. Kế tiếp là khu vực biển ảm đạm (doldrum) nằm giữa hai đường vĩ tuyến số 5 bắc-nam bao gồm cả đường xích đạo. Trong khu vực này thường thường không có gió hay rất ít gió. Những tàu buôn to lớn như Vencimento gặp rất nhiều khó khăn để vượt qua khỏi khu vực này. Kinh nghiệm hàng hải cho thấy con tàu đã tiến vào khu vực biển này rồi thường lẩn quẩn trong đó rất lâu, đến 2 tháng trời mới có thể lèo lái ra khỏi. Điều đáng ngại nhất là ở đây khí hậu cũng bắt đầu thay đổi; không khí trở nên nóng bức và ẩm thấp. Hầu như cách mỗi giờ đều có mưa to, gió lớn; trời đất mù mịt trong bóng đêm. Thêm vào nữa, cuộc sống chen chúc trên tàu thiếu vệ sinh nên gây ra bệnh tật khắp nơi</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn63" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;63&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Nhận định rằng tình trạng của hành khách trên tàu đang trong hoàn cảnh hiểm nghèo, Bá Tước Feira phải đưa ra một quyết định một cách nhanh chóng. Hiện tại, ông có ba sự lựa chọn: thứ nhất, quay đầu thuyền trở về Lisbon; hay, thứ hai, sau khi vượt qua đường quỹ đạo, cố gắng đưa con thuyền ra khỏi vùng biển chết này bằng cách cố gắng lái nó về hướng nam, tây nam. Dựa theo dòng nước ngầm có tên là dòng nước ngầm Nam Xích Đạo (South Equatorial Current) đang chảy ngược chiều kim đồng hồ dọc theo bờ biển Brazil, họ sẽ bắt theo dòng nước ngầm này và theo chiều gió đưa con tàu về phương nam. Sau khi gần đến cửa biển Rio da Plata, con tàu sẽ quay về hướng đông nhắm thẳng về Mũi Hảo Vọng. Đối với người Bồ, con đường thủy này rất phổ thông vào thời ấy và được gọi là Đường Vòng Ngoài (Volta do Mar). Đây là con đường nhanh nhất để cặp bến Mozambique cho đúng kỳ hạn trong khoảng đầu tháng 8. Nếu được như vậy, Vencimento sẽ còn đủ thời gian và thuận chiều gió Nồm thổi qua biển Ẩn Độ từ hướng tây nam để đi về Goa. Nếu không, họ phải cập bến ở Mozambique và phải chờ đợi ở đó đến mùa xuân sang năm mới có thể khởi hành đến Goa, Ấn Độ. Sự lựa chọn thứ ba là dùng con đường mà nhà thám hiểm Bartholomeu Dias (1450-1500) đã khám phá ra con đường biển từ Lisbon xuống Mũi Hảo Vọng để bắt qua Ấn Độ Dương. Con đường thủy này được gọi là Đường Vòng Trong (Rota do Mar). Sự khác biệt giữa Vota do Mar và Rota do Mar là con tàu, khi đến gần đường Xích Đạo, sẽ xuôi thuận theo dòng nước ngầm Xích Đạo Ngược (Equatorial Countercurrent) cùng với dòng nước Guinea hiện diện trong Vịnh Guinea đẩy nó chạy thẳng về hướng đông, ven sát theo bờ biển</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn64" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;64&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Sau đó, để ra khỏi vùng ảm đạm và vịnh Guinea một cách nhanh chóng, con tàu sẽ nương theo bờ biển, đi về hướng nam, ra khỏi vùng biển không gió. Bắt đầu khoảng vĩ tuyến 5, phía nam, cơn gió sẽ khơi dậy. Mặc dù đi ngược dòng với gió và dòng nước ngầm Benguela – Nó là một dòng nước đẩy mạnh từ phía nam lên bắc dọc theo bờ biển phía tây Phi Châu - con tàu giờ đây có thể thoát ra khỏi khỏi vùng ảm đạm. Nhưng sự nguy hiển gần kề sắp đến nữa là khi thuyền đi ngang qua Mũi Hảo Vọng, tất cả mọi người phải đương đầu với sóng to, gió lớn có thể đập tan con tàu của họ ra nhiều mảnh vụn.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vào ngày 9 tháng 5, tương đối một cách nhanh chóng, cuối cùng Vencimento cũng tiến đến đường xích đạo. Nhưng điều tất cả mọi người không thể ngờ được là sau 6 ngày nóng sốt, Bá Tước Feira đã qua đời. Đồng thời, trên boong tàu vô số người ngã gục vì bệnh hoạn - Theo lời Ông Mocquet kể lại, cứ mỗi lần có người mất, thủy thủ phải tẩm liệm và bỏ 3 hay 4 xác người xuống lòng đáy biển.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn65" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;65&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Riêng về Bá Tước Feira, chính Ông Mocquet tẩm liệm và chuyển xác ngài qua con tàu cung cấp David</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn66" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;66&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;để được chở về Lisbon. Nếu tính theo tỉ lệ tử vong này, giả sử trên tàu, mỗi ngày họ tổ chức hai lần thủy táng, con số tử vong trong vòng hai tuần sau khi tiến đến đường xích đạo có thể lên đến 80-110 người</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn67" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;67&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Tuy nhiên, đây chỉ là con số người đã mất. Con số người bị bệnh nói chung sẽ cao hơn rất nhiều. Có thể con số người bệnh này, theo tôi nghĩ, lên đến phân nửa số người trên tàu chỉ trong vòng hai tuần lễ vào đầu tháng 5.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đứng trước hoàn cảnh khó xử, có lẽ vì số người bệnh và chết quá cao, vị hạm đội trưởng mới được bổ nhiệm Christovão de Noronha,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn68" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;68&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;thay thế cho Bá Tước Feira đã quyết định tiếp tục cuộc hải trình theo sát bờ biển phía Tây Phi Châu.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn69" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;69&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Đã quyết định như thế, ông đã phủ quyết lời khuyên can của một số sĩ quan trong bộ chỉ huy của ông. Họ muốn quay mũi thuyền mà trở về Lisbon. Trong sách, ông Mocquet cũng chống đối quyết định này mà ông cho là sai lầm.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong thế kỷ 17, kỹ thuật hải hành còn rất kém. Tuy có thể dùng Sextant để đo vĩ độ</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn70" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;70&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">, họ vẫn chưa phát minh ra một dụng cụ để tính kinh độ</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn71" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;71&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Vì không rõ kinh độ, thuyền trưởng sẽ không thể biết được vị trí con tàu của mình ở đâu. Trong hành trình, họ cũng rất lo ngại hải tặc đang hoành hành từ các quốc gia như Pháp, Anh và Hòa Lan đang rình rập đón chờ họ ở một hòn đảo nào đó. Thêm vào nữa, vì kỹ thuật tiên đoán thời tiết kém cỏi, khi hạm đội dự trù ngày tháng khởi hành, họ chắc chắn đã không dự trù cho thời tiết dọc theo bờ biển Phi Châu, nhất là ở vùng Sierra Leone. Họ đã không biết rằng khoảng đầu tháng 5,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn72" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;72&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;sau khi tiến vào khu vực ảm đạm, thời tiết bắt đầu thay đổi và xấu đi. Cơn gió thổi căng phồng các buồm bỗng dưng biến mất. Mấy chiếc buồm rũ xuống như ngọn lá tàn. Thay thế vào đó là cảnh nóng bức ray rứt, khó chịu vô biên</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn73" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;73&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Mồ hôi họ bắt đầu đổ ra từng giọt. Nhiệt độ ngoài khơi tuy không cao cho lắm, khoảng 85-88 độ F, nhưng ánh nắng chói chang của mặt trời lúc nào cũng ập trên đầu họ. Cộng vào đó, độ ẩm bắt đầu gia tăng lên hơn 70%.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn74" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;74&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Thêm vào nữa, thời tiết thường thay đổi bất chợt. Cách mỗi giờ trong ngày, trên đầu mây đen cùng nhau kéo đến bao phủ khắp khung trời. Cơn gió biển bất chợt lùa vào khoang thuyền khiến hành khách cảm thấy dễ chịu. Nhưng không bao lâu, trận mưa nóng, bẩn thỉu ào ạt rơi lên đầu tóc và quần áo của hành trách đứng trên boong tàu. Trên trời, sấm sét xoé nhòa màn trời đen với nhiều tiếng nổ vang rền. Nhìn cảnh tượng vang rền, sáng rực cả bầu trời, cho đến bây giờ họ bắt đầu run sợ trước sức mạnh của thiên nhiên và lo sợ cho tính mạng của mình. Mặc dù gió tiếp tục rít lên từng hồi, nhưng những cơn mưa xối xả này quá ngắn, không đủ làm căng buồm được. Trên boong tàu Vencimento, mấy trăm người đứng đó chịu trận vì không nơi trú ẩn.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tuy tiến vào Vịnh Guinea thì dễ nhưng còn đi ra khỏi thật là khó khăn vì phía nam của vịnh là dòng nước chảy ngược Benguela từ phía nam đẩy thẳng lên phía bắc, dọc theo bờ biển phía tây Phi Châu. Vận tốc con tàu sẽ rất chậm hướng về Mũi Hảo Vọng vì phải chống chọi với cơn gió ngược thổi lên từ hướng đông-nam và cả dòng nước ngầm Benguela. Còn một điều tai hại hơn nữa là, nếu một khi đã chọn lựa con đường này, một điều chắc chắn là chiếc Vencimento sẽ không thể đến đúng hẹn với các thuyền buôn khác mà phải trễ hơn. Theo lời ông Mocquet kể lại, Vencimento cập bến Mozambique vào ngày 29 tháng 9.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn75" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;75&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Khi đã trễ như thế, chiếc tàu buôn sẽ ngừng chân tại Mozambique vài tháng, thay vì khoảng hai tuần mà thôi, và phải chờ gió Nồm thổi lên từ hướng tây-nam về hướng Ấn Độ - Thường thường cơn gió mùa này bắt đầu thổi vào tháng 4 hay tháng 5 mỗi năm.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1fob9te" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tuy nhiên, trong hạm đội khởi hành năm 1608 có hai chiếc tàu mà tôi biết chắc chắn đã theo hành trình dọc theo bờ biển Brazil vì khác hẳn với Vencimento, chúng cặp bến rất đúng ngày giờ tại Mozambique hay Goa. Tôi muốn nói đến hai chiếc Bom Jesus và Oliveira. Vì cập bến Mozambique đúng ngày giờ trong tháng 8, chiếc Bom Jesus lọt vào ổ phục kích của tàu chiến Hòa Lan. Tương tự như thế, chiếc tàu buôn Oliveira, khi đến gần Goa bị chặn đường bởi ba chiếc tàu chiến Hòa Lan. Biết mình khó lòng chống cự, thuyền trưởng của Oliveira ra lệnh đốt tàu để nó khỏi lọt vào tay người Hòa Lan. May mắn thay, các thuyền buôn như Vencimento, Bartholomeu, Antonio và Jeronimo vì theo một hành trình khác dọc theo bờ biển phía tây Phi Châu nên đã lẫn tránh được cuộc phục kích đẫm máu này. Đến mãi cuối tháng 9, những thuyền buôn này lần lượt đáp bến Mozambique mà không phải chạm trán thủy quân phục kích của quân thù nghịch - Lúc này, người Hòa Lan đã dời hạm đội của mình đến Goa.&nbsp;<b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700">Nếu các con thuyền này theo đúng lịch trình thì giờ đây lịch sử Việt Nam cũng có thể không biết Francisco de Pina là ai nữa.</b></span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Theo ông Mocquet, mùi hôi thối là do những cơn mưa nóng gây ra. Có lẽ cát bụi từ Sa Mạc Sahara bị bốc lên khí quyển, trộn trong không khí, rồi rơi xuống thành mưa bùn. Hòa trộn trong cát bụi có cả trứng côn trùng. Khi cơn mưa bẩn thỉu tắt hẳn, thật tội nghiệp cho những hành khách đứng trên boong tàu. Lúc đầu, họ cũng chịu khó thay quần áo. Nhưng khi quần áo không còn đủ dùng, như ông Mocquet đã trình bày, họ chỉ có thể đứng đó hứng nước mưa bẩn thỉu rơi trên người. Thêm vào nữa, mùi nồng nặc cũng do sự thiếu vệ sinh ngay từ chiếc tàu mà ra. Ngày xưa, người Bồ sống không được vệ sinh cho lắm. Giáo Sư C.R. Boxer (1904-2000) cho biết họ không dùng nhà vệ sinh trên tàu, mà dùng bô vệ sinh người Bồ mang theo bên người. Thêm vào nữa, thức ăn họ mang theo bắt đầu bị mốc hay lên men. Đến nỗi nước đựng trong thùng cũng lên mùi ẩm thấp. Trước khi uống, họ phải lấy khăn bịt mũi vào để khỏi ngửi mùi mốc bốc lên. Thịt heo muối cũng phải vứt đi xuống biển vì không thể ăn được nữa. Ghê gớm hơn nữa là trong nước mưa chứa đựng trứng của các con côn trùng. Sau cơn mưa, trứng nở ra thành những con ấu trùng, cựa quậy tứ tung ngay trên quần áo, trên thức ăn phơi trên thành tàu hay trên những vũng nước nhỏ đọng lại trên boong tàu.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn76" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;76&#93;</span></span></a></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sáu tháng sau, khi đáp bến ở Mozambique, vị Linh Mục Phanxicô phục vụ trên Vencimento nói cho ông Mocquet biết rằng từ lúc rời Lisbon hiện tại tổng số người tử vong trên tàu lên đến 735. Theo lời vị Giáo Sĩ này, hiện nay mỗi ngày có cả 10-15 người bị thiệt mạng.<a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn77" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600">&#91;77&#93;</a>&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nếu con số này chính xác, Vencimento đã mất rất nhiều hành khách do bệnh tật mà ra. Hiện giờ số người còn sống trên tàu chỉ còn lại 165 người.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn78" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;78&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nhưng chúng ta biết người sống sót trên Vencimento có ông Mocquet, 4 tu sĩ trẻ Dòng Chúa Giêsu, bộ chỉ huy hạm đội, một số hành khách, thủy thủ và binh lính trên tàu. Nếu chúng ta dùng con số tử vong của ông Mocquet đã nêu lên trước đây, đó là 3 hay 4 người chết mỗi ngày trong vùng ảm đạm, khi con tàu đến được Mozambique, tổng cộng con số tử vong có thể lên đến 720</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn79" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;79&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;người. So sánh giữa hai con số này (735 so với 720), lời nói của vị Giáo Sĩ rất đáng tin cậy. Nhưng chúng ta nên nhớ rằng, số tử vong không phải ngừng lại sau khi họ dừng chân trên đảo Mozambique, mặc dù con số này sẽ giảm thiểu dần dần theo thời gian 5 tháng họ sống trên hòn đảo thiếu thốn này. Vì thế, con số người còn sống sót trên Vencimento đáng lẽ ra phải ít hơn 165 người. Nhưng dựa theo ông Francois Pyrard, một nhà thám hiểm khác từ Pháp, bắt đầu có mặt ở Goa vào năm 1608, số người còn lại trên mỗi chiếc thuyền buôn cặp bến ở Goa, Ấn Độ trong năm 1609 chỉ có khoảng 300 người</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn80" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;80&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;mà thôi. Điều là cho thấy những hành khách từ các tàu bị đánh đắm hay mắc cạn đều được bổ xung lên các các tàu buôn còn lại.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn81" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;81&#93;</span></span></a></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lúc này, có lẽ cũng vào cùng thời gian Bá Tước Feira qua đời, hai Giáo Sĩ thâm niên Dòng Chúa Giêsu bị bệnh dịch mà mất. Riêng về Cha Vieira, trong cuốn sách Momenta Missionum Societatis</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn82" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;82&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;đã viết một câu ngắn gọn về ngài:</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">“Vieira, P. Nicolaus from death on the trip from kingdom to India; &#91;1608&#93;, the Japan Mission work.”</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tạm dịch:</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">“Vieira P. Nicolaus đã mất trong chuyến hành trình đến Ấn Độ &#91;1608&#93;, sứ mệnh khai đạo ở Nhật Bản.”</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Còn số phận của Cha Rodrigues thì tôi không rõ cho lắm. Hiện giờ, tuy cố gắng, tôi vẫn chưa tìm được chút tài liệu về ngài. Tôi nghĩ ông ấy đã mất trong mùa dịch trên.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tương tự như thế, tôi đã không tìm thấy một tài liệu nào về hai người bạn đồng hành của Pina, đó là hai anh Bernado Luis và Francisco Ferraz. Có lẽ họ cũng mất rồi chăng? May mắn thay. Bốn người thanh niên khác trong Dòng Chúa Giêsu vẫn còn sống sót, đó là các Giáo Sĩ Borges, Giáo Sĩ Lopes, Semedo và Pina. Cha Borges sau này về Macao trở thành Viện Trưởng (Rector) của trường đại học Saint Paul. Sau đó anh được chuyển qua Nhật Bản hành đạo, nhưng bị bắt và xử bằng cách chổng ngược đầu xuống hố phân.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn83" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;83&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Trải qua vài ngày trong tình trạng đó, anh đã tử đạo (năm 1633)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn84" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;84&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Sau khi học xong thần học, Cha Lopes cũng phục vụ tại Macao và cuối cùng giữ chức vụ Giám Học của Viện Sơ Tu và cũng là Giáo Sư Thần Học ở Macao. Anh mất năm 1627</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn85" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;85&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Còn Semedo, sau khi học xong, được chuyển qua Trung Quốc tham gia nhóm truyền giáo nơi ấy với chức vụ cao nhất là Phó Giám Tỉnh (Vice Provincial). Anh mất năm 1658.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn86" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;86&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Kể từ năm 1614, tình hình truyền giáo ở Nhật Bản đang rối ren nên Pina không được bổ nhiệm về đó. Vào năm 1617, anh được chuyển về Đàng Trong, phục vụ dưới quyền Cha Buzomi và do tai nạn, anh mất cuối năm 1625.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong tình trạng kiệt quệ về sức khoẻ lẫn tinh thần, lại mất đi hai vị Giáo Sĩ Hướng Dẫn, tôi biết chắc rằng cuộc sống gò bó, bệnh tật và chết chóc trên tàu không dễ chịu cho lắm đối với bốn vị Giáo Sĩ trẻ tuổi của chúng ta. Lịch sử Dòng Chúa Giêsu cũng cho biết trong lúc này, bỗng nhiên họ được quen biết với hai người sĩ quan thuộc dòng quí phái tên là Bernardo Pereira (1588-1624) và Rui d’Ameida.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn87" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;87&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Pereira ngỏ ý tham gia vào Dòng Chúa Giêsu, còn Ameida muốn trở thành một tu sĩ dòng Augustinô. Sau khi học xong ở Goa và trở thành Giáo Sĩ, vào năm 1624, Cha Pereira cùng Cha Francisco Machado (1588-1624) cố gắng xâm nhập vào Ethiopia giảng đạo, nhưng cả hai bị bắt và tử đạo.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Phần còn lại của chuyến hải hành tốt nhất là nên được kể lại từ chính ông Mocquet, người từng trải trên con tàu Vencimento. Sau đây là những mẫu chuyện được kể lại trong sách của ông:</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn88" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;88&#93;</span></span></a></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">“… because fever with great kidney pain took me so that the badly lasted almost the whole trip. After that, that was not all, because I still had this incovenient and dangerous lovende disease that the Portuguese otherwise call beriberi, and the Dutch scurvy, which turned my blood black and putrid: my knees were so narrowed, that I could not extend my hips; my black thighs and legs are blackened and gangrened, and I was forced to cut myself every day to bring out this bad black rotten blood. I also cut my gums which were livid and overcoming my teeth, going every day on the edge of the ship from outside, holding on to the ropes with a small mirror in hand to see where I had to cut off: then when I had pulled that dead flesh and made a lot of black blood, washing my mouth and teeth of my urine, rubbing them hard: but that being done, the next day there was everything sometimes as much and more. And (the) misfortune was that I could not eat, desiring more to swallow than to chew, for the great pains we receive from this unfortunate evil. I have found no better remedy than to use strong syrup of gilliflower, and astringent gargles with good red wine. Strength of our people died every day, and could we not see anything other than throwing bodies into the sea, three and four at a time, and most of them still dead without help, behind some chest, the eyes and plants of the feet eaten by rats. Others were found dead in their beds, after being bled, and moving their arms, the vein reopened and their blood coming to flow they fell in reverie of hot fever, thus dying without any help. It was only cries of great thirst and alteration. Because very often after having received their provision, which could be pint of water, putting it near them to drink when thirsty, their companions around them, and others even further away, came to steal this little water of these poor sick people asleep or turned to the other side. And even being under the deck in a dark place, they hit each other and beat each other without seeing each other; when they realized someone was about to sleal their water. Deprived of water, and for lack of a small drop, they died miserably without anyone wanting to rescue them from a little, not the father to the son, nor the brother to the brother, so much the desire to live by drinking near or each in his own. I was very often thus disappointed and frustrated with myself, but I comforted myself seeing so many others like me in the same situation: It was also the cause of not to dare to sleep too much, and put my water in place that one could not take it easily without me to realizing it.”</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tạm dịch ra là:</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">“Bởi vì sốt với cơn đau thận dữ dội đã khiến tôi yếu lả kéo dài gần toàn bộ chuyến đi. Sau đó, không chỉ thế thôi, bởi vì tôi vẫn mắc phải căn bệnh Lovende phiền phức và nguy hiểm này mà người Bồ Đào Nha thường gọi là Beriberi, và bệnh Ghẻ Lở (scurvy) Hòa Lan, khiến máu tôi trở nên đen và thối rữa: đầu gối của tôi bị xếp vào, đến nỗi tôi không thể kéo dài chân tay ra được; Đùi và chân của tôi bị nám đen và sần sùi, và tôi buộc phải tự cắt mình mỗi ngày để đưa vết máu thối đen bẩn thỉu ra. Tôi cũng cắt lợi phồng hết lên trên răng của mình, đi hàng ngày trên mép tàu từ bên ngoài, giữ chặt dây thừng với một chiếc gương nhỏ trong tay để xem chỗ nào tôi phải cắt bỏ: sau đó khi tôi đã kéo thịt chết đó và cắt ra rất nhiều máu đen, rửa miệng và răng bằng nước tiểu của tôi, chà xát mạnh: nhưng điều đó đã được thực hiện, ngày hôm sau còn làm nhiều hơn thế nữa. Và (điều) bất hạnh là tôi không thể ăn, chỉ tập trung vào nuốt xuống cho thật nhanh, không cần phải nhai, vì mỗi lần như thế rất là đau. Đó là những nỗi đau lớn mà mình phải chịu đựng từ điều bất tiện đáng tiếc này. Tôi đã tìm thấy không có biện pháp khắc phục tốt hơn là sử dụng xi-rô mạnh của hoa gilly, và thuốc súc miệng với rượu vang đỏ tươi. Nhiều người trong số chúng tôi đã chết mỗi ngày, và chúng tôi không thể làm gì khác ngoài việc ném xác họ xuống biển, ba và bốn người một lúc, và hầu hết trong số họ đã chết mà không có sự giúp đỡ, đằng sau ngực, mắt và lòng bàn chân của ho đã bị chuột gặm nhấm. Còn những người khác đã chết ngay trên giường của họ, sau khi bị lấy máu độc ra. Khi họ di chuyển cánh tay của họ, vết thương lại bong ra khiến máu chảy ra nữa. Họ còn rơi vào tình trạng nóng sốt nữa. Do đó, họ chết trong thầm lặng mà không có bất kỳ sự giúp đỡ nào của ai. Nếu có chỉ là tiếng rên rỉ của sự khát khao và để ý. Bởi vì rất thường sau khi nhận được phần thức ăn của họ, có thể là nửa lít nước, đặt nó gần họ để uống khi khát, những người bạn đồng hành xung quanh họ, và những người khác thậm chí xa hơn, đã đến để ăn cắp ít nước khi những người bệnh khốn khổ này đang ngủ hoặc quay sang phía khác. Và ngay cả khi ở dưới lòng tàu trong một nơi tối tăm, họ đánh nhau và đánh nhau mà không thấy nhau, khi một người nào đó ăn cắp nước của họ. Vì thường xuyên bị thiếu nước, và ngay cả một giọt nhỏ, họ đã chết một cách thảm hại mà không ai muốn giải cứu họ một chút nào hết, không phải cha cho con trai, cũng không phải anh trai với em trai, rất nhiều mong muốn được sống bằng cách uống lén hoặc uống một mình. Tôi thường xuyên thất vọng với quy tắc của mình, nhưng tôi tự an ủi mình với rất nhiều người khác như tôi: Đó cũng là nguyên nhân khiến tôi không dám ngủ quá nhiều, và đặt nước vào vị trí mà người ta không thể dễ dàng lấy mà tôi không biết.&quot;</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Các Căn bệnh Trên Tàu Vencimento</span></span></b></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Phân tích từ những lời trình bày của ông Mocquet, chúng ta có thể nhận thấy rằng trên chiếc tàu Vencimento, bệnh dịch lan tràn thường xảy ra rất nhanh chóng trong một khung cảnh chật hẹp, thiếu vệ sinh như trên chiếc Vencimento. Có lẽ lúc ấy, cả thức ăn và nước uống đều bị ô nhiễm bởi vi trùng. Theo lời kể lại từ ông Mocquet, các hành khách từ lúc bị nhiễm trùng và thiệt mạng rất nhanh, trong khoảng một tuần lễ như Bá Tước Feira. Vì ông Mocquet không cho thêm chi tiết những triệu chứng khác từ bệnh của ông, ngoài triệu chứng nóng sốt, chúng ta chỉ có thể tiên đoán là ông bị bệnh Thương Hàn (typhoid) hay Kiết Lỵ (Dysentery). Đây là hai bệnh dịch rất phổ thông trên những con tàu chứa nhiều người mà vệ sinh không được giữ gìn. Khi bệnh nhân lên cơn sốt, họ có thể rơi vào tình trạng mê man. Vì đầu óc không tỉnh táo, nếu không bị ngăn cản, họ có thể tự quăng mình vào biển cả bất cứ lúc nào.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ông Mocquet còn nhắc đến bệnh thiếu sinh tố B1 (thiamine) gọi là Beriberi. Dựa theo lời kể của ông, hạ bộ của ông như: chân, bắp đùi bị teo lại. Đầu gối của ông đều rất mệt mỏi, rã rời và không theo sự điều khiển của ông nữa. Đi đứng trở nên rất khó khăn cho ông. Đây là triệu chứng của bệnh Beriberi Khô ảnh hưởng đến thần kinh của bệnh nhân. Còn nếu bệnh nhân nào bị Beriberi Ướt, chân tay họ có thể bị sưng phù gây ra khó khăn trong việc đi lại. Có vẻ như ông Mocquet không bị sưng chân. Điều này có thể nói lên rằng ông không bị Beriberi Ướt.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ông Mocquet cũng kể lại rằng hàng ngày ông cố gắng vịn thành tàu, dùng dao với một cái gương nhỏ ra thành tàu, kéo chân lợi và cắt bớt những chỗ nám đen gây ra bởi bệnh Scurvy. Cắt xong, ông súc miệng bằng nước tiểu. Ông cũng nhắc đến phương pháp chống lại bệnh sưng nám của lợi là dùng nước xi-rô, trộn với rượu đỏ - Có lẽ ông không biết rằng rượu đỏ có tác dụng sát trùng. Ông còn cho biết cắt bớt lợi để tiết máu khiến cho sự ăn uống của ông rất khó khăn. Tuy vậy, cũng như tất cả những người đương thời, ông không biết là mình bị thiếu sinh tố C. Vào thế kỷ 17, không ai biết là Scurvy là từ đâu ra; ngay cả những bác sĩ nổi tiếng thời ấy. Họ thường cho là chứng bệnh này là do bởi sự lười biếng của thủy thủ, hay do sự ô nhiễm của không khí trên tàu.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Riêng hai bệnh Beriberi và scurvy mà ông Mocquet đã trải qua cho biết kiến thức y khoa của ông vào thời ấy cũng rất phong phú cho một thường dân. Những lời diễn tả của ông phản ảnh rất đúng về triệu chứng cùng kết quả do những bệnh này gây ra. Đáng tiếc là vào thời phong kiến ấy, kiến thức về y khoa và vệ sinh còn quá thấp kém. Những phương pháp y khoa được áp dụng như trích máu hay cắt da thịt hay lợi màu đen đều không hữu dụng, mà còn gây ra chết người vì bệnh nhân bị mất máu quá nhiều. Một điều hiểu biết thú vị thêm là hàng ngày việc cắt mạch máu, trích máu và cầm máu là do thợ cắt tóc (barber) đảm nhận. Trên tàu vị này không phải là bác sĩ mà cũng không phải là bác sĩ giải phẫu. Nhiệm vụ của ông ta là cắt tóc và kiêm luôn cả việc trích máu cho bệnh nhân. Trên tàu, có nhiều người vì mất máu quá nhiều, nằm một góc tàu và lả ra cho đến hơi thở cuối cùng.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong thế kỷ 17, để chữa các bệnh tật, các đại học y khoa còn tin tưởng vào học thuyết Galenism do Galen of Pergamon (129AD - 210AD) sáng lập ra, dựa vào lý thuyết về 4 trạng yếu, đó là máu, đờm, nước mật vàng và nước mật đen cộng với 4 thành phần thiên nhiên như không khí, nước, đất và lửa</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn89" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;89&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;để ảnh hưởng đến 4 tính cách của con người gồm có: tính lãnh đạm, tính buồn rầu, tính cay đắng hay tính lạc quan. Trong những tính chất của con người này, tính chất lạc quan là điều các y sĩ muốn bệnh nhân mình đạt được. Muốn đạt được kết quả mong muốn, theo các bác sĩ vào thời ấy, con người phải quân bình 4 trạng yếu trong người. Một khi, một hay nhiều trạng yếu mất quân bình sẽ gây ra bệnh hoạn. Vì trong lúc bị bệnh, nước mật vàng hay đen và cả nước đờm là những trạng yếu được thải ra ngoài, chúng sẽ được xem là nguyên nhân của bệnh tật. Các y sĩ vào thời đó cũng tin rằng lúc bị bệnh, máu của bệnh nhân chứa toàn chất độc. Để điều chỉnh, khôi phục và quân bình 4 trạng yếu này, y sĩ chỉ còn cách lấy ra bớt máu độc trong người bệnh nhân. Lý thuyết này được dựa vào sự quan sát từ kinh nguyệt của người đàn bà trong tháng.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn90" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;90&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Trong đầu thế kỷ 17, trích máu không chỉ là phương pháp duy nhất để chữa bệnh. Các y sĩ còn dùng ống giác đặt vào lưng hay cho bệnh nhân uống bột nghiền ra từ đá benzoar để chống lại bệnh sốt nặng</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn91" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;91&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Khi tất cả các phương pháp trên thất bại, cách duy nhất để trừ khử máu độc không lên đến óc là xuất huyết thẳng ra từ đầu. Rất tiếc đây cũng là phương pháp nhanh nhất cho bệnh nhân mau chóng qua đời.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cuộc Hành Trình Vượt Qua Mũi Hảo Vọng và Eo Biển Mozambique</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Con thuyền Vencimento cuối cùng cũng đến Mũi Hảo Vọng (Hãy xem Hình 8). Khi đi ngang qua vùng biển này, ông Mocquet có cảm tưởng như chiếc tàu buồm khổng lồ này nhỏ bé quá. Sóng gió nổi lên, vật vã chiếc thuyền con như đồ chơi vậy. Sóng biển ào ạt đổ vào cả buồng tàu cao nhất. Ngồi trên thuyền, chống lại cơn mỏi mệt; tay bám víu vào góc bàn, thanh giường hay cột buồm, cộng với nỗi đau đớn trong miệng và khắp cơ thể, bây giờ họ mới cảm thấy gần Thiên Chúa hơn bao giờ hết. Không cần sự khuyến khích của các tu sĩ nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu, họ bắt đầu lẩm nhẩm cầu nguyện cho tai qua, nạn khỏi. Cho đến bây giờ, họ mới khám phá ra ý nghĩa của câu tục ngữ của người Bồ: “Khi nào bạn muốn học cách cầu nguyện, bạn hãy cùng thuyền ra khơi.” Đối với các tu sĩ như Pina, nhờ có lòng tin tưởng Thiên Chúa, trong những lúc này, họ luôn khuyến khích giáo dân trên tàu xưng tội vì chỉ trong tích tắc, tất cả có thể chìm dưới lòng biển bất cứ lúc nào.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ngồi trên tàu họ quên cả thời gian và không gian cho đến khi gió lặng, sóng yên. Qua một thời gian dài mà họ cảm tưởng như vô tận, nhìn vào thềm lục địa, các thủy thủ nhận định ra những con chim to bằng con ngỗng; màu trắng; nhưng chỉ riêng hai cánh chúng là màu đen trong khi mỏ và chân lại màu vàng.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn92" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;92&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Khi nhìn thấy chúng, họ đều thở dài, nhẹ nhõm vì nhận thức rằng họ qua khỏi nguy hiểm trên chặng đường này. Họ nhận thức rằng mình đã đến Mũi Agulhas, một nơi sóng lặng, gió đứng. Tuy nhiên, tất cả mọi người đều biết rằng nguy hiểm vẫn còn đang rình rập phía trước. Tiếp tục tiến bước vào ngưỡng cửa của eo biển Mozambique, đoàn chỉ huy trên Vencimento cảm thấy hồi hộp vì họ biết họ phải tranh đấu kịch liệt với dòng nước ngầm Agulhas chảy mạnh dưới lòng biển. Trong eo biển Mozambique, nó có khuynh hướng chảy về hướng nam, tây nam dọc theo bờ biển South Africa và khi chảy đến Mũi Agulhas, nó đẩy con thuyền ngược về hướng đông để trở thành dòng Agulhas Chảy Ngược (Agulhas Return Current). Vì thế, thuyền trưởng phải khéo léo sát nhập vào dòng nước chảy ngược này và cố gắng lèo lái con thuyền vào giữa ngưỡng cửa của eo biển. Rất tiếc việc hải hành lúc bấy giờ rất khó khăn. Họ không thể tính ra được tọa độ của chiếc thuyền buồm vì thiếu dụng cụ tiên đoán về kinh độ - Thật ra họ muốn giữ vị trị con tàu chính giữa bờ biển Đông Phi Châu và đảo Madagascar. Tiến bước về hướng bắc, đầu tiên họ vào vùng Natal (bây giờ là South Africa) u ám; trời mù mịt như “ban đêm”.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn93" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;93&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Tiếp theo đó, càng đến gần đảo Mozambique, họ lại càng phải cẩn thận hơn vì ngay giữa eo biển có vài cụm san hô như Baixos da Judia (Jewish Shoals)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn94" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;94&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;hay João da Nova</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn95" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;95&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;nhấp nhô trên mặt nước, có thể gây ra cảnh mắc cạn bất cứ lúc nào. Vì thế, khi vào đến vùng biển từ khoảng cách Sofala (nay gần Beira) đến Mozambique, họ phải hết sức cẩn thận và cố tình tránh xa những cồn cát này (Hãy xem Hình 9).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/mui-hao-vong-cape-of-good-hope.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hinh 8 -Mũi Hảo Vọng (Cape of Good Hope) và Mũi Agulhas</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3znysh7" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cuối cùng vào ngày 29 tháng 9 năm 1608</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn96" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;96&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">, con thuyền Vencimento cũng đã cập bến Mozambique một cách an toàn. Đến được nơi đây đánh dấu cả 6 tháng trời, họ đã long đong trên biển cả. Trước khi đi, trên boong đầy ngập, nhưng bây giờ số người rất thưa thớt vì không kể một số người đã chết, những người bệnh rất đông và được đưa xuống hầm tàu dưới nghỉ ngơi. Nhìn quanh quẩn, cùng một thời gian, thật là may mắn, một vài chiến thuyền chiến như Bartholomeu, Antonio, và Jeronimo cũng đáp bến an toàn.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/eo-bien-mozambique.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br  /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 9 -Eo Biển Mozambique</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đáp tàu xuống đảo Mozambique,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600; font-family:&#039;OptimaVU Roman&#039;, sans-serif" title=""><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;97&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Pina có lẽ chứng kiến một cảnh điêu tàn hãi hùng. Nhà cửa trên đảo, kể cả thuyền bè đánh cá và chủng viện nhà Dòng Đa Minh phần nhiều bị cháy ra tro; những cây dừa trồng dọc trên đảo cũng bị đốn sạch. Không ai hỏi ai, mọi người đều biết thủy quân Hòa Lan đã dừng ở nơi này</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn98" name="_ftnref98" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600; font-family:&#039;OptimaVU Roman&#039;, sans-serif" title=""><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;98&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Lúc này, các vị tu sĩ trẻ Dòng Chúa Giêsu mới nhận thức ra cảnh tàn phá của chiến tranh. Nhìn ra biển ở hướng bắc là thành trì kiên cố São Sebastião tuy còn đứng vững nhưng cũng loang lổ đạn pháo kích từ 1250 viên đại bác</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn99" name="_ftnref99" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600; font-family:&#039;OptimaVU Roman&#039;, sans-serif" title=""><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;99&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;bắn vào thành từ hai phía. Điều mà Pina và tất cả những người trên tàu Vencimento nghe kể lại là trước đây hơn hai tháng, hạm đội Hòa Lan đã tấn công thành Sebastião - Năm ngoái 1607, họ cũng muốn chiếm thành nhưng không thành công. Tuy thất bại trong cả hai lần tấn công, nhưng người Hòa Lan đã gây ra thiệt hại nặng nề cho cơ sở hạ tầng trên đảo, khiến thức ăn và nước uống trở nên khan hiếm vô cùng. Lúc bình thường, các tàu buôn Bồ, trên con đường đến Goa, thường ghé qua Mozambique để được cung ứng thêm nước và thực phẩm. Nhưng trong năm nay, tai ách đã đổ xuống như thế mà không những chỉ có tàu Vencimento cần thêm đồ dùng, mà còn cả ba chiếc chiến thuyền Bartholomeu, Antonio và Jeronimo cần thêm cung cấp trước khi lên đường qua Ấn Độ. May thay cả bốn chiếc tàu này đều cặp bến Mozambique hầu như cùng một lúc. Nhưng trong sách, ông Mocquet đã viết: “Khi chúng tôi đến Mozambique, chúng tôi rất ngạc nhiên không tìm được gì để ăn cả.”</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn100" name="_ftnref100" style="box-sizing:border-box; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600; font-family:&#039;OptimaVU Roman&#039;, sans-serif" title=""><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;100&#93;</span></span></a></span><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Có lẽ không riêng gì Pina mà còn ba vị tu sĩ khác của Dòng Chúa Giêsu, đây là một cú sốc rất mạnh vào tâm khảm của họ. Trước đây cuộc sống của họ ở quê nhà, tuy kham khổ về mặt tinh thần trong Viện Sơ Tu - Có lẽ lúc ấy họ rất nhớ nhà - nhưng nhìn cảnh chết chóc và tàn phá của chiến tranh lần đầu tiên trong cuộc đời có thể gây ra một cảm xúc khó tả. Hiện nay, ai nấy, nếu không bị bệnh Scurvy thì cũng bị bệnh Beriberi; cả con người mệt lả; chân đi gắng gượng. Nhưng là những tu sĩ đại diện cho Dòng Chúa Giêsu, Pina và đồng nghiệp phải cố gắng chăm sóc cho các giáo dân được tạm trú vào những căn lều lụp xụp xây dựng sơ sài ngoài thành, trong thành São Sebastião hay trên chiến thuyền Jeronimo. Sự thật hiện giờ không ai hiểu biết gì thêm về cuộc sống của 4 vị tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu ra sao khi định cư vào thành Sebastião vì, ngoài việc trú ngụ trong thành, họ không còn nơi nào để che mưa tránh nắng nữa. Ngoài cửa thành, nhà cửa phần lớn đều bị thiệt hại. Nếu không có chiến tranh xảy ra, chắc chắn rằng họ sẽ tạm dừng chân ở chủng viện của dòng Đa Minh trên đảo. Nhưng so với hoàn cảnh của ông Mocquet, cuộc sống của các vị tu sĩ vẫn tốt hơn vì lúc này ông Mocquet đang lang thang trên đường phố để kiếm từng con cá khô, một hớp nước đục từ dân địa phương để sống lây lất qua ngày. Trong thành Sebastião, hành khách của bốn chiếc thuyền buôn đang cố gắng chờ thời gian qua nhanh cho tới mùa gió Nồm thổi từ hướng tây-nam về hướng Ấn Độ mỗi năm vào đầu tháng tư hay tháng 5.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Thấm thoát mà họ đã chờ được 5 tháng trời ở Mozambique, vào ngày 20 tháng 3 năm 1609, hạm đội bây giờ chỉ còn chiếc thuyền buôn Vencimento và 3 chiếc tàu chiến lên đường tiến về hướng bắc. Trong thời điểm này, ngoài ra họ cũng chỉ biết số phận của hai chiếc Bom Jesus và Consolação</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn101" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;101&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;bị đốt cháy trong cuộc tấn công của người Hòa Lan mùa hè năm ngoái. Đó là không tính chiếc thuyền cung cấp David phải mang xác Bá Tước Feira trở về Lisbon trong khoảng tháng 6 vừa qua. Còn số phận các con tàu khác ra sao, họ hoàn toàn không biết rõ. Trong nhóm tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu vẫn sống sót gồm có những tu sĩ trẻ kể cả Pina, nhưng bây giờ con số của họ tăng lên sáu người; họ có thêm hai người bạn đồng hành mới, hai anh Pereira và Ameida.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đoàn thuyền buồm nhỏ nhoi, buồn thảm thẳng tiến về hướng bắc dọc theo bờ biển Đông Phi Châu. Họ vượt qua vùng biển ảm đạm của đường xích đạo. Họ tiếp tục nhắm về hướng hòn đảo Socotra nằm trong cửa biển của Biển Đỏ (Red Sea) vào ngày 7 tháng 5 và dựa vào sức mạnh và nương theo cơn gió Nồm thổi qua Ấn Độ Dương, họ cập bến hải cảng Goa trong ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 1609.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn102" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;102&#93;</span></span></a></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Cuối Cùng Pina và Các Tu Sĩ Cũng Xuống Tàu ở Goa</span></span><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn103" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;103&#93;</span></span></a></b></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">May mắn thay, họ đã nhập cảng Goa một cách bình yên (Hãy xem Hình 10).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/thanh-pho-goa-vao-nam-1596.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br  /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 10 - Thành Phố Goa vào năm 1596 (Jan Huyghen van Linschoten)</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Goa là một thủ đô chính thức của Đế Quốc Bồ ở Á Châu nằm sát biển Ả Rập về hướng tây. Vào thời ấy, nó thật là mỹ lệ, thường được gọi là “Hạt trân châu của Á Đông” và hay được so sánh với Lisbon. Goa được chia làm hai miền: Goa Cũ và Goa Mới – Goa Mới còn được gọi là Salcete. Vào năm 1510, Afonso Alburquerque mang quân chiếm đóng Goa, đuổi dân quân người Hồi Giáo ra khỏi Ấn Độ. Từ đó, người Bồ chiếm độc quyền thị trường mua bán gia vị. Ở nơi đây, tất cả tàu buôn gia vị đều tụ tập nơi đây trước khi trở về Lisbon. Hàng năm vào cuối tháng ba hay đầu tháng tư, vua Bồ đều mang tiền đến Goa mua gia vị và bán ra lại thị trường Âu Châu.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ngoài khơi, không có một dấu hiệu nào là có sự tập kích của hải quân Hòa Lan. Tuy nhập cảng vào ngày 26 tháng 5, họ phải chờ đến sáng hôm sau mới thật sự rời khỏi tàu. Có lẽ đây là tập quán ở Goa vì nhà cầm quyền sẽ cần một thời gian để loan báo cho dân chúng về chuyến hải hành bình an của hạm đội trong năm nay. Có lẽ đến bấy giờ, dân tình cũng cảm thấy có điềm không lành về hạm đội năm nay; đáng lẽ ra họ phải đáp bến vào tháng 9 hay tháng 10 năm ngoái. Nhưng trong năm nay mãi cuối tháng 5 mới thấy sự hiện diện của họ. Cũng như những năm trước, dân chúng trong thành phố ùa về bến tàu. Bình thường họ mong chờ để nhận diện được gương mặt của vị thống đốc mới trong nhiệm kỳ ba năm sắp đến. Ngay bây giờ, không biết họ đã nghe tin ông đã từ trần trong chuyến đi vừa qua chưa. Trên những dòng sông Goa, thuyền bè tứ phương đổ về hướng các con thuyền buôn đang từ từ đuổi sóng tiến đến bến đáp mà nơi dinh thự của ngài Thống Đốc đang ngự trị. Họ nổi trống kèn rền rĩ khắp nơi. Đến gần những con tàu buôn này, họ còn chuyền lên thức ăn, thức uống và trái cây cho những người trên tàu. Có lẽ giờ này, nhìn vẻ mặt của những người trên tàu rất tiều tụy và thương tâm lắm. Sau hơn một năm, có lẽ gương mặt của họ ốm và xạm đen đi nhiều. Khi tàu đáp bến, nhà thám hiểm Pyrard, người đã nhập cảnh ở Goa trong tháng 6 năm ngoái, cho biết rằng mỗi chiếc tàu chỉ loe ngoe có khoảng 300 người bước xuống. Có lẽ trông bộ dạng của họ, là một nhà thám hiểm đầy kinh nghiệm, ông không khỏi bùi ngùi.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sau khi lên bờ, bốn vị tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu được chuyển qua một chiếc xe ngựa không mui. Lúc này, họ đã thay đổi y phục màu đen với chiếc nón vải cùng màu trên đầu. Ngồi trên chiếc xe đàng trước có ba đứa trẻ, tay cầm kèn thổi léo lách thánh ca như, thay mặt họ, vừa loan báo vừa chào mừng mọi người ở Goa. Càng đến gần trường đại học St. Paul nổi tiếng vào thời ấy, hàng ngàn thường dân, học sinh và sinh viên chen lấn với dân tình xếp hàng hai bên lề đường vỗ tay đáp lễ.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Trong thế kỷ 16, trường đại học St Paul ở Goa rất nổi tiếng; nó tương đương với tất cả trường đạo ở Coimbra và cả Âu Châu. Vào năm 1568, St. Paul có hơn 3.000 sinh viên và học sinh</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn104" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;104&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">; trong số này có sinh viên địa phương và nhiều quốc gia Phi Châu và Á Châu đến học hỏi như Ấn Độ, Sri Lanka, Iran, Nhật Bản, Trung Hoa, Pegu,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn105" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;105&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Malacca, v.v… Nhưng tại đây, vào năm 1596, con số giáo sư chỉ có vỏn vẹn 20 giáo sĩ cộng với 47 tu sĩ thực tập và 16 người tu huynh.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn106" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;106&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Chương trình học gồm có các lớp văn phạm, sử ký, thơ văn, biện luận, triết lý và thần học. Ngôi trường này được bắt đầu từ năm 1542, khi Thánh Francisco Xavier qua giảng đạo tại Goa. Sau khi cập bến tại Goa, ngài đã dừng chân tại đây và nhận lại nó từ các tu sĩ dòng Phanxicô khi họ chuyển giao nó lại cho Dòng Chúa Giêsu. Đến năm 1560, trường đại học này được xây mới lại từ đầu. Nhưng vài năm sau, vì chung quanh tường có dấu hiệu rạn nứt, nhà Dòng cho xây một dãy cầu vòm chặn đứng sự nứt mẻ của cửa trường (Hãy xem Hình 11)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn107" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;107&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</span></span><div style="text-align:center"><img alt="" data-filename="images" src="https://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/image/truong-dai-hoc-st-paul-cu-truoc-1610-o-goa.jpg" style="box-sizing:border-box; border:0px; vertical-align:middle; border-radius:0px !important; padding-right:15px !important; width:708px" /></div><br style="box-sizing:border-box" /><br  /><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Hình 11 -Trường Đại Học St. Paul Cũ Trước 1610 ở Goa (Họa Sĩ John Jonhson (1769-1846) -British Library</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vào năm 1570, bệnh dịch lan tràn mọi nơi khiến cho hơn 58 người trong nhà Dòng đang cư ngụ tại St. Paul ngã bệnh.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn108" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;108&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Vì thế, vào năm 1578, Dòng Chúa Giêsu mua một miếng đất mới trên một ngọn đồi có tên là Holy Mount nằm phía tây bắc của Goa, đối diện với chủng viện của dòng Augustinô. Từ đó, Dòng Chúa Giêsu xây thêm một trường học mới và đặt tên là St. Paul Mới (São Paulo Novo). Vào năm 1610, trường St. Paul Mới được chính thức bắt đầu khai trương, trong khi trường St. Paul Cũ dần dần bị bỏ phế. Khi Pina vừa mới đến Goa vào cuối tháng 5 năm 1609, rất có khả năng anh đã đến trụ ngụ ở Chủng Viện và bắt đầu ghi danh vào lớp triết học ở St. Paul Cũ. Nhưng sang năm sau, anh được chuyển qua trường St. Paul Mới. Nếu theo đúng chương trình, anh sẽ hoàn tất lớp triết học trong vòng 3 năm ở Goa. Sau đó, anh sẽ theo đuổi 4 năm thần học ở trường St. Paul tại Macao.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.tyjcwt" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nhưng khi mới đến Goa không bao lâu, cũng có thể anh cũng được gửi đến trường đại học Rochol ở thành phố Rachol trong tỉnh Salcete (Hãy xem Hình 10) cho một thời gian ngắn để học tiếng Konkani vì nơi đây có mở lớp dạy ngôn ngữ này cho các tu sĩ với mục đích dạy giáo lý cho dân bản xứ mà không cần thông dịch viên. Nếu thế, cũng giống như Cha Alexandre de Rhodes (1593-1660),</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn109" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;109&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Pina đã có nhiều khả năng học lớp đàm thoại tiếng Konkani ở Rachol. Ngôi trường này hầu như được khánh thành trong khoảng thời gian với St. Paul Mới vào ngày 31 tháng 10 năm 1609</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn110" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;110&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Nhưng đặc biệt ở Rachol, có hai vị tu sĩ đương thời rất nổi tiếng về ngôn ngữ Ấn Độ, đó là Cha Thomas Stephens (1547-1619)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn111" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;111&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;và Cha Étienne de la Croix (1579-1643)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn112" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;112&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Đối với các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu, việc học tiếng Konkani là một điều rất cần thiết trong một thời gian ngắn. Sau những giờ học triết lý là những giờ ngoại khóa, khoảng tháng 12 năm 1609, có thể Pina phải theo một nhóm tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu cùng với dân bản xứ đi tìm kiếm trẻ con bản xứ mồ côi</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn113" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600">&#91;113&#93;</a>&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">với mục đích là cải đạo chúng từ Ấn Độ Giáo sang Công Giáo. Không những thế, vài tháng sau khi đến Goa, vào ngày 25 tháng Giêng năm 1610, Pina được tham dự buổi lễ Cải Đạo (Feast of Conversion)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn114" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;114&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;rất long trọng hàng năm tại trường St. Paul mà nhà thám hiểm Pyrard cho biết trong mùa lễ năm ngoái, có hơn 1.500 người Ấn Độ ngoại đạo đã được rửa tội tập thể</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn115" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;115&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Sau đó, có thể anh sẽ được chỉ định làm thầy dạy dỗ (tutor) cho một số trẻ con người Ấn Độ. Vì thế, anh phải học nhanh tiếng Konkani trong một thời gian ngắn nhất, vì theo lời dạy dỗ của Thánh Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) vẫn còn văng vẳng bên tai, các tu sĩ phải học tiếng nói địa phương để có khả năng giảng đạo cho họ. Dựa theo Cha Alexandre de Rhodes, tiếng Konkani rất dễ học. Khi đáp thuyền đến Goa năm 1619, trong vòng 3 tháng, ngài đã học ngôn ngữ này, có thể đàm thoại và dạy giáo lý cho trẻ con Ấn Độ ở Goa.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn116" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;116&#93;</span></span></a></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nếu đúng như những dữ kiện xảy ra ở trên, anh Pina đã có cơ hội tiếp xúc nhiều với người Ấn Độ, sống tại Goa khi anh tham gia vào nhóm tìm kiếm trẻ mồ côi, dạy dỗ tiếng Bồ hay La Tinh cho chúng hay học tiếng địa phương từ chúng. Hơn nữa, anh cũng đã nghe và thấy những công trình chuyển ngữ từ các nhà ngôn ngữ nổi tiếng thời ấy qua những cuộc đàm thoại hay đọc qua sách vở ngữ vựng hay văn phạm mà họ đã soạn ra trong thư viện của trường đại học St. Paul. Tuy anh cũng không ngờ rằng: sau này, khi bước chân vào Đàng Trong, anh sẽ cần đến những sự học hỏi quí báu này.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khi tạm trú ở Goa, Pina cũng có thể ghi danh học lớp ngoại ngữ Nhật Bản. Khi anh ở Macao, vào năm 1614, anh cũng có nhiều cơ hội đàm thoại trong tiếng Nhật vì lúc ấy, những cơ sở truyền giáo ở Nagasaki, Nhật Bản đều bị đóng cửa và di chuyển về Macao. Trong những năm sau đó, dân tị nạn Nhật định cư tại Macao rất đông đảo. Lúc ấy, ngoài Macao, ở Á Châu, có hàng chục ngàn thương nhân Nhật không thể về nước vì bị cấm đoán. Vì thế, họ phải sống tha phương đến các thành phố Á Châu khác như: Manila ở Phi Luật Tân, ở Ayutthaya, Siêm La hay Hội An ở Đàng Trong.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lên Đường Về Macao</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Nếu Pina, ngoài việc học triết lý còn phải tham gia các hoạt động ngoại khóa thì thật bận rộn cho anh. Đó là không kể thì giờ tham dự thánh lễ, bí tích, xưng tội, cầu nguyện hay các buổi lễ kính các vị thánh trong đạo. Ngoài ra, trong những giờ thực tập, các học viên kể cả Pina phải đến thăm tù nhân hay người bệnh đang được chữa trị trong nhà thương. Trong lớp học triết học ở St. Paul, Goa, anh đã làm quen với bốn người bạn mới, đó là các Anh Antonio de Sousa (1589-1633), Estévão Coelho (1583-?) and Manoel Coelho (1586-?) và Antonio Freire (1587-?). Những tu sĩ này vừa đáp bến tàu ở Goa không lâu trong vòng tháng 10 hay tháng 11, 1609</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn117" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;117&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;vừa qua. Trong cuộc hành trình này, Cha Francisco Buzomi là vị giáo sĩ Bề Trên của họ. Tôi có thể khẳng định một cách chắc chắn rằng: Pina đã có dịp gặp mặt Cha Buzomi lần đầu tiên trong khoảng thời gian này. Khi nhóm tu sĩ này nhập học vào St. Paul cuối tháng 10,</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn118" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;118&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;họ sẽ học chung lớp với Pina. Dựa theo chương trình, khi học xong 3 năm trong lớp triết, họ và Pina cùng đáp tàu qua Macao vào mùa hè năm 1612.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn119" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;119&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Sau một tháng, con tàu của họ sẽ ghé qua Malacca để trao đổi hàng hóa trước khi lên đường về Macao. Từ Malacca, các anh sẽ tốn thêm khoảng một tháng nữa mới cập bến ở Macao. Trong cuộc hành trình này, các anh sẽ đi ngang qua Côn Đảo và hải phận của Đàng Trong (Cochinchina)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn120" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;120&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trước khi cập bến Macao, nơi mà các anh phải ghi danh học lớp thần học kéo dài đến 4 năm nữa - Giáo sư của họ cũng có thể là Cha Buzomi vì lúc này, Cha Buzomi đang dạy lớp thần học ở đó. Cuối cùng, trong năm thứ tư của thần học (1616), họ cùng nhau đón thuyền trở về Malacca</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn121" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;121&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">, nơi mà họ chính thức được Giám Mục Gonçalo da Silva phong chức Linh mục cho các anh. Sau năm đó, họ được gọi với một chức vị là “Cha” hay “Linh Mục” bổ sung với cái tên của họ. Riêng phần Cha Pina, trong thời gian dài học thần học ở Macao, cha cũng sẽ quen biết Cha Christoforo Borri (1583-1632).</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn122" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;122&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Sau này trong năm 1618, họ sẽ gặp lại nhau ở thành phố Hội An, rồi cùng với Cha Buzomi dọn về Nước Mặn, Qui Nhơn. Trên bán đảo Macao, Cha Pina có thể cũng sẽ gặp mặt Cha João Rodrigues Tçuzzu (1561-1633), vị giáo sĩ người Bồ nổi tiếng ở Nhật Bản đã viết quyển sách nổi tiếng về Văn Phạm tiếng Nhật ở đầu thế kỷ 17.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vào tháng Giêng năm 1617, Cha Pina được bổ nhiệm vào Đàng Trong để giúp đỡ Cha Buzomi. Đồng hành với ngài gồm có hai vị giáo sĩ người Nhật, Cha Iyo Tokuun Sixto (1570-1633) and Cha Constantino Dourado (1566-1620)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn123" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;123&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Đến tháng ba năm ấy, người bạn học cũ của ngài lúc cư ngự tại Goa Cha Antonio de Sousa (1588-1633)</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn124" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;124&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;cũng sẽ cập bến ở Đàng Trong. Từ khi mới đến Đàng Trong khoảng một năm nay, Cha Pina cư ngụ tại Hội An để trốn tránh sự đàn áp tôn giáo của chính quyền Đàng Trong. Trong lúc cư ngụ ở đây, ngài giảng đạo cho khoảng 300 người Nhật tị nạn</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn125" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;125&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">.</span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Kết Luận</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tuy mới hơn 20 tuổi, sau chuyến tàu định mạng đến Goa, tôi nghĩ Pina đã trưởng thành rất nhiều. Anh đã hấp thụ được nhiều bài học đáng giá từ những sự thử thách mà Thiên Chúa đã quan phòng cho anh. Trên thể xác, đôi lúc anh phải gánh chịu cảnh mưa rào, nóng ran; quần áo nhơ bẩn dính đầy côn trùng. Trên tàu, anh phải hít thở mùi hôi tanh ô uế, nồng nặc chung quanh anh. Anh phải chịu đựng cuộc sống tù túng trong một căn phòng rất nhỏ bé chất đầy thức ăn khô mà anh phải chia sẻ với ba vị tu sĩ khác. Không lâu, sau khi vào vùng nóng bức của xích đạo, anh phải chịu đựng cái nóng bứt rứt khó tả. Tuy anh không bị bệnh nan y, anh cũng đã thấy số mệnh con người thật mỏng manh. Anh đã nhìn thấy cuộc sống khốn khổ của con người và cái chết cô độc của nhiều hành khách trên tàu. Khi nghĩ đến, tôi biết anh đã cầu xin phúc lành từ Thiên Chúa cho những người còn lại, cho những người vừa mất và cho cả chính anh.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Khi bước chân đến Goa, anh đã cảm thấy Thiên Chúa không bạc đãi anh và cho phép anh được chiêm ngưỡng một thế giới mỹ lệ. Tại đây, anh đã cám ơn Chúa cho anh mở rộng tầm mắt và gặp gỡ các dân tộc không đồng màu da như người Nhật, Ấn Độ, người Hoa, người Ả Rập, v.v… Đồng thời, cuộc sống huy hoàng ở Goa tạo cơ hội gặp mặt nhiều nhân vật ngôn ngữ nổi tiếng đương thời như Cha Thomas Stephens, Giáo Sĩ người Anh, và Cha Etienne de la Croix, Giáo Sĩ người Pháp. Nhờ kỹ thuật tinh tiến vào thời đó, chính mắt anh đã thấy nhà Dòng đã phát hành bài vở bằng cách dùng máy in bắt đầu từ năm 1556. Mặc dù sống ở đây chỉ có khoảng 2-3 năm, tôi biết chắc rằng anh đã lắng nghe những câu chuyện từ các giáo sĩ khác, hay có dịp đàm thoại với nhau về những công trình La Tinh hoá tiếng Konkani trong công cuộc truyền đạo. Mặc dù lúc ấy, theo tôi nghĩ anh đã không nghĩ nhiều về việc áp dụng vào thực tiễn cho chính anh, cho đến khi anh đáp tàu xuống cửa sông Hàn, Đà Nẵng. Khi đang theo đuổi lớp thần học ở Macao, tôi nghĩ anh cũng có cơ hội đàm thoại với Cha João Rodrigues Tçuzu (1561-1633) về tiếng Nhật và cách La Tinh hóa nó.</span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vào năm 1618, khi đến Nước Mặn, anh đã có nhiều thì giờ nghiền ngẫm sự liên quan giữa tiếng Việt với tiếng La Tinh, Hy Lạp và Bồ Đào Nha. Nhưng khi liên tưởng tới giọng nói của hai dân tộc Việt và Ấn Độ, tôi cho rằng suy nghĩ của anh lập tức nghiêng hẳn về Konkani vì âm điệu tiếng Việt trong nhiều trường hợp rất giống lối phát âm của tiếng Ấn Độ.</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn126" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;126&#93;</span></span></a></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Vì thế, hiện nay tôi muốn đưa ra giả thuyết rằng: khi tạm dừng chân ở Nước Mặn, Cha Pina đã dựa nhiều vào lối phát âm của Konkani trong việc La tinh hóa tiếng Việt</span></span><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftn127" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;127&#93;</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">. Nhưng rất tiếc, vì anh mất quá sớm (1625), những tiến triển và thành công của anh ít người biết đến. Nhưng tôi nghĩ tuy anh mất đi, nhưng anh không hề hối tiếc vì anh biết rằng những công trình mà anh gầy dựng đã được nối tiếp bởi là ba vị giáo sĩ thừa kế anh, đó là các giáo sĩ Gaspar d’Amaral, Antonio Barbosa và Alexandre de Rhodes; họ đã nối gót theo anh đi nốt con đường con đ</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ường còn lại trong công cuộc đào tạo chữ Quốc Ngữ.</span></span></span></span></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><i style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Download file gốc PDF của tác giả&nbsp;</span></span><a href="http://hdgmvietnam.com/admin/upload/files/Cuoc%20Hai%20Hanh%20cua%20cha%20Francisco%20de%20Pina%20den%20dang%20Trong.pdf" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">tại đây</span></span></a></i></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><b style="box-sizing:border-box; font-weight:700"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Tài Liệu Tham Khảo</span></span></span></b></span><br  /><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">1.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Jason Michael Wilber, &quot;Transcription and Translation of a Yearly Letter from 1619 Found in the Japonica Sinica 71 from the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu&quot; (2014). All Theses and Dissertations. 4350.&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4350" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4350</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">2.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Roland Jacques, Portuguese Pioneers of Vietnamese Linguistics, Orchid Press, Bangkok 2002.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">3.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Antonio de Oliveira Freire, Descripçam Corografica do Reyno de Portugal, Lisbon, Na Officina Bernardo Anton de Oliver, 1755.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">4.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Rui de Pina&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_de_Pina" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_de_Pina</span></span></span></a></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">5.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Diogo Barbosa Machado, Bibliotheca Lusitana, Tomo II, Lisbon 1759.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">6.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Count Paul Ron Hoensbroech, Fourteen Years a Jesuit, translated by Alice Zimmer, Tập II, Cassell and Co., Limited 1911.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">7.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">John W. O’malley, S.J., How We Were: Life in a Novitiate, 1946-1948.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">8.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lobo, Rui, “The College of Jesus and College of Arts during Francisco Suárez’s time”, Conimbricenses.org Encyclopedia, Mário Santiago de Carvalho, Simone Guidi (eds.), doi = “10.5281/zenodo.3521057”, URL =&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.conimbricenses.org/encyclopedia/" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://www.conimbricenses.org/encyclopedia/</span></span></span></a></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">9.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">John W. Padberg, S.J., General Editor, The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their Complementary Norms: A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts, Saint Lous, 1996.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">10.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Paul F. Grendler, The Culture of the Jesuit Teacher 1548–1773, Brill journal of Jesuit studies 3 (2016).</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">11.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Liam Matthew Brockey, The Visitor, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">12.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Rev. Thomas Hughes, Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits, 1912.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">13.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ernest Truman, Leander, Or, Secrets of the Priesthood, Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1869.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">14.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Wiktor Gramatowski, Guide to Understanding the Documents, ARSI, 1992.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">15.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Claudia Von Collani, The True Mother of China Mission -Kilian Stumpf’s “Succincta Chronologica Relatio”, in Rooted in Hope, In der Hoffnung verwurzelt, Vol. 1, Momenta Serica Monograph Series LXVIII/1, Routledge 2017.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">16.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">17.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Đoạn phim ngắn trích từ phim “Silence”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf0-wv2awkY" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf0-wv2awkY</a>.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">18.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Brockey, Liam, Largos caminhos e vastos mares Jesuit Missionaries and the journey to China in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 1, december, 2000, pp. 45 – 72, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">19.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">A. Lynn Martin, Jesuits and Their Families -The Experience in Sixteenth Century France, Sixteenth Century Journal, Tập 13, Số 1, doi:10.2307/2539914.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">20.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Charles E. O’neill, Diccionario Histórico de la Compania de Jesus, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, MADRID.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">21.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Antonio Franco, Synopsis Annalium in Societatis Jesu in Lusitania, Anno 1540-1725, Tomo IV.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">22.</span></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Jesuits Going East&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/20021/1053" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/20021/1053</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trích từ 26 tháng 6, 2020</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">23.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Filipe Castro, Nuno Fonseca, Audrey Wells, Outfitting the Peper Wreck, Historical Archaeology, 2010, 44(2):14–34s, 2008.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">24.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Janet P. Boileau, Cultinary History of the Portuguese Eurasians: The Origins of Luso-Asian Cuisine in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, PHD Thesis, 2010.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">25.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">26.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Madre de Deus&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre_de_Deus" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre_de_Deus</span></span></span></a></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">27.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lució de Sousa, The Portuguese Slave Trade in Early Modern Japan: Merchants, Jesuits and Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Slaves, Brill, 2018.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">28.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Maria Herminia Maldonado, Relação das náos e armadas da India com os successos dellas que se puderam saber, para noticia e instrucção dos curiozos, e amantes da historia de India, East India, 1985.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">29.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">R. Po Chia, A Jesuit in the Forbidden City: Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), Oxford, University Press, 2010.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">30.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Arturo Giraldez, The Age of Trade: The Vanila of Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy, Rowman and Littlefield, 2015.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">31.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Michela Fontana, Matteo Ricci, The Jesuit in the Ming Court, Rowman and Littlefield, 2011.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">32.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Xavier Mariona Martins, Portuguese Shipping and Ship Building in Goa (1510-1780), PHD Thesis, 1994.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">33.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Albert Gray, The Voyage of François Pyrard de Laval, Vol. II, Part I.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">34.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Charles E. O’Neill &amp; Joaquín Domínguez, Dictionario Histórico de la Compañía de Jesus, Institutum Historicum/Univesidad Pontificia, 2001.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">35.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Amir Arsalan Afkhami, Humorism, Encyclopædia Iranica, Tập XII, 2004, trang 566-570,&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/humoralism-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/humoralism-1</span></span></span></a></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">36.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">M.G. Da Costa, translated by Donald M. Lockhart, The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1984.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">37.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo”, dịch ra bởi Donald M. Lockhart, the hakluyt Society, London, 1984.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">38.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">José Nicolau da Fonseca, An Historical and Archeological Sketch of the City of Goa, Bombay: Thackers and Co., Limited, 1878.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">39.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Alexandre de Rhodes, Voyage et Missions du Père Alexandre de Rhodes, Paris, 1854.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">40.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Peter C. Phan, Mission and Catechesis, Orbis Books, New York, 1998</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">41.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">J. Gerson da Cunha, Materials for the History of Oriental Studies Amongst the Portuguese, Proceeding Volume 4, Part 1878, 1880.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">42.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Brijbraj Singh, The First Englishman in India: Thomas Stephens (1547-1619), Journal of South Asian Literature,30(1/2), pages 146-161. Retrieved on June 22, 2020 from&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/40873582" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">www.jstor.org/stable/40873582</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">43.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ignacio da Costa Quintella, Annaes da Marinha Portugueza, Tomo II, Lisboa, Natipografia da Mesma Academia, 1840.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">44.&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Maria Cristina Trindade Guerreiro Osswald, Jesuit Art in Goa Between 1542 and 1655: From Modo Nostro to Mod Goano, PHD Thesis, 2003.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">45.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Li Tana, Nguyễn Cochinchina, Cornell University, 1998.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">46.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Macao and the Jesuits&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/cb/macao_and_the_jesuits.pdf" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/cb/macao_and_the_jesuits.pdf</span></span></span></a></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">47.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Christopher Borri, An Account of Cochin-China, một phần của “A Collection of Voyages and Travels“, Volume II, Third Edition, 1744.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">48.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">El Jesuita Alessandro de Rhodesen Cochinchina y Tonkin (1591- 1660)&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/30038/2049" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/30038/2049</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trích ra ngày 2 tháng 7 năm 2020.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">49.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Ribeiro, Madalena, The Japanese Diaspora in the Seventeenth Century. According to Jesuit Sources Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 3, december, 2001, pp. 53 – 83, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3dy6vkm" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">50.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Learning Konkani:&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;hay&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc&amp;t=94s" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc&amp;t=94s</span></span></span></a></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">51.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Andrew Gaudio, A Translation of the Linguae Annamiticae seu Tunchinensis brevis declaratio: The First Grammar of Quốc Ngữ, Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Vol. 14, Issue 3.</span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1t3h5sf" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">52.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Otto Zwartjes, Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br  />&nbsp;</div><div style="border-radius:0px !important"><div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</div><hr align="left" size="1" style="box-sizing:content-box; border-width:1px 0px 0px; border-top-style:solid; border-right-style:initial; border-bottom-style:initial; border-left-style:initial; border-top-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color:initial; border-bottom-color:initial; border-left-color:initial; border-image:initial; height:0px; margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref1" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;1&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Hãy xem Hình 1. Vào đầu thế kỷ 17, lãnh thổ Đàng Trong bao gồm từ Quảng Bình đến Phú Yên. Nước Đại Việt thời cuối nhà Lê bao gồm hai miền Đàng Trong và Đàng Ngoài ngăn cách bởi sông Gianh. Chúa Nguyễn cai trị Đàng Trong. Trong lúc đó, Chúa Trịnh cai quản Đàng Ngoài -Lãnh thổ Đàng Ngoài đi từ Bố Chính chạy ra Bắc Phần. Tuy Vua nhà Lê vẫn đóng đô ở Kẻ Chợ (Hà Nội), nhưng tất cả quyền hành đều nằm trong tay Chúa Trịnh. Vào năm 1627, nội chiến giữ hai miền bắt đầu bùng nổ và kéo dài hơn 45 năm sau. Ở Đàng Trong, các Chúa Nguyễn khuyến khích giao thương với Macao, Nhật Bản và Trung Quốc với mục đích khuếch trương nền kinh tế và gầy dựng một quân đội vững mạnh. Đồng thời, các Chúa Nguyễn, dựa vào kỹ thuật đúc súng đại bác bằng đồng của người Bồ và kỹ thuật rèn kiếm của người Nhật, xây dựng một lãnh thổ trù phú để chống lại sự xâm lấn của Đàng Ngoài. Thêm vào nữa, các Chúa Nguyễn dùng quân đội hùng mạnh này dần dần tiêu diệt nước Chăm Pà ở phía nam và bành trướng lãnh thổ phía nam thuộc về nước Cao Miên vào thời ấy.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn2" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref2" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;2&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Gaspar d’Amaral nhập Dòng Chúa Giêsu năm 1608. Vào năm 1623, ngài đón tàu sang Goa, Ấn Độ và từ đó, đến Macao. Vào năm 1629, ngài được bổ nhiệm đến Đàng Ngoài. Trong vòng 7 năm, ngài rửa tội cho hơn 40.000 giáo dân. Vào năm 1646, sau một buổi họp quan trọng ở Macao bàn luận về cách thức rửa tội cho các Kitô hữu ở Việt Nam, ngài và một số tu sĩ nhà Dòng trở về Đàng Ngoài. Nhưng buồn thay, con thuyền mà ngài đang đi bị bão đánh chìm gần đảo Hải Nam. Trước khi mất, ngài trao cho Cha Alexandre de Rhodes quyển ngữ vựng Việt-Bồ mà ngài đang soạn thảo hằng ngày. Nhưng rất tiếc, nó đã thất truyền.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn3" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref3" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;3&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Antonio Barbosa nhập Dòng Chúa Giêsu vào năm 1623 và đến Đàng Ngoài vào năm 1636. Mắc bệnh trầm trọng ngài phải trở về Macao vào năm 1642 và mất tại Goa sau đó. Trước khi mất, ngài trao cho Cha Rhodes quyển ngữ vựng Bồ-Việt mà ngài đang soạn thảo. Nhưng rất tiếc, nó đã thất truyền.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn4" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref4" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;4&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Alexandre de Rhodes nhập Dòng Chúa Giêsu vào năm 1612. Vào năm 1618, ngài chính thức trở thành Giáo Sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu. Vào năm 1619, ngài đáp tàu từ Lisbon đến Goa, Ấn Độ và cư ngụ nơi đây khoảng ba năm rưỡi. Nơi đây, ngài quen biết với Cha Etienne de la Croix, một giáo sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu và cũng là ngôn ngữ gia người Pháp lúc đó đang giữ chức Viện Trưởng đại học Rochol tại Salcete. Được Cha de la Croix khuyến khích, Cha Rhodes ghi danh học tiếng Canarese (Konkani). Sau khi học xong, trong vòng ba tháng, Cha Rhodes có thể nghe lời xưng tội và giảng đạo cho dân địa phương người Ấn Độ. Sinh sống tạm thời ở Goa, ngài đã thăm người nghèo khổ, những tù nhân bị giam và tham gia vào việc tìm kiếm trẻ con mồ côi Ấn Độ với mục đích cải đạo chúng thành tín đồ của Thiên Chúa Giáo (Hãy xem Peter C. Phan, Mission and Catechesis Alexandre de Rhodes Inculturation in Seventeenth-Century Vietnam, Orbis Books, 1998, trang 43). Vào năm 1622, ngài đón thuyền về Macao, nhưng một năm sau mới cập bến. Vào cuối năm 1624, cùng với 6 tu sĩ khác (Gabriel de Matos, Antonio Fontes, Gaspar Luis, Gerolamo Maiorica, Manoel Gonzales và Michael Maki), ngài đáp thuyền về Đà Nẵng và tham gia đoàn thể Dòng Chúa Giêsu mà Cha Francesco Buzomi hướng dẫn. Trong năm đầu, Cha Rhodes được bổ nhiệm vào học lớp tiếng Việt ở Thanh Chiêm do Cha Francisco de Pina phụ trách. Đến năm 1626, vì Chúa Nguyễn bắt đầu cấm đạo, ngài được gọi trở lại Macao. Vào năm 1627, ngài được bổ nhiệm ra Đàng Ngoài. Trong vòng ba năm, ngài rửa tội cho hơn 5.600 tín đồ tại đây. Vào năm 1630, ngài bị trục xuất khỏi Đàng Ngoài, ngài trở về Macao và được bổ nhiệm làm Giáo Sư Thần Học. Đồng thời, trong thời gian 10 năm tại Macao, ngài nghiên cứu và tổng hợp các tập vở ngữ vựng do các Cha Gaspar d’ Amaral và Cha Antonio Barbosa viết tay từ trước thành một cuốn tự điển toàn diện lấy tên là “Tự Điển Việt-Bồ-La (Dictionarium Annamiticum, Lusitanum et Latinum)” và sáng tác 31 trang ngữ pháp với tựa đề “Giải Thích Ngắn Gọn về Ngôn ngữ An Nam hoặc Bắc Phần (Linguae Annamiticae seu Tunchinensis Brevis Declaratio)”. Ngoài ra, Cha Rhodes còn sáng tác quyển Giáo Lý “Phép Giảng Tám Ngày (Cathechismus Pro Ijs, Qui Volunt Suscipere Baptismum)” và nhiều tác phẩm khác.</span></span></span></span></span><br  /><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Vào năm 1640, Cha Rhodes được bổ nhiệm trở lại Đàng Trong với chức vụ là Cha Bề Trên. Sau nhiều năm truyền đạo hợp thức và cuối cùng bị trục xuất khỏi Đàng Trong, ngài rời Đàng Trong vĩnh viễn vào năm 1645. Ngài mất ở Iran vào năm 1660.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn5" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref5" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;5&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ở Việt Nam, để tránh gọi tên Chúa Giêsu, Dòng Chúa Giêsu còn được gọi tắt là Dòng Tên.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn6" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref6" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;6&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jason Michael Wilber, &quot;Transcription and Translation of a Yearly Letter from 1619 Found in the Japonica Sinica 71 from the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu&quot; (2014). All Theses and Dissertations. 4350. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4350, trang 72-73.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn7" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref7" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;7&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Francesco Buzomi nhập Dòng Chúa Giêsu vào năm 1592. Vào ngày 23 tháng 3 năm 1609, ngài lãnh đạo một phái đoàn gồm 24 tu sĩ đáp tàu từ Lisbon đến Goa, Ấn Độ. Chiếc tàu buôn Nossa Sentra da Piedade cập bến vào tháng 11 năm 1609. Vào năm 1610, ngài đón thuyền về Macao. Tại đây, ngài là giáo sư dạy thần học trong 5 năm trước khi đáp thuyền, cùng với Cha Diogo Carvalho (1578-1624), vào Đàng Trong năm 1615. Vào năm 1618, dưới sự giúp đỡ của Trấn Thủ Quan Trần Đức Hòa, ngài hướng dẫn Cha Francisco de Pina và Cha Chritoforo Borri về cư ngụ tại thành phố Nước Mặn, Qui Nhơn. Ngài trú ngụ nơi đây để giảng đạo cho đến năm 1638 khi ngài trở về Macao và năm sau mất ở đó. Sau hơn 20 năm ở Đàng Trong, Cha Buzomi đã rửa tội cho khoảng 12.000 giáo dân.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn8" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref8" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;8&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Guarda có nghĩa là người bảo vệ.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn9" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.4d34og8" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref9" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;9&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Antonio de Oliveira Freire, Descripçam Corografica do Reyno de Portugal, Lisbon, Na Officina Bernardo Anton de Oliver, 1755, trang 69. Hiện nay, dân số ở Guarda có hơn 25,300 người (2011).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn10" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref10" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;10&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Chức vụ Secretary đại diện cho vua có rất nhiều quyền hạn. Chính Ruy de Pina đã viết ra hiệp ước Tordesillas ở Guarda ấn định ranh giới phân chia thế giới thành hai khu vực ảnh hưởng Kitô Giáo giữa hai đế quốc Bồ và Tây Ban Nha và đồng thời, xác nhận đồng bá chủ trên thế giới (Hãy xem https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarda retrieved on 4/28/2020).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn11" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.2s8eyo1" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref11" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;11&#93;</span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_de_Pina" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_de_Pina</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;retrieved on 5/02/2020.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn12" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref12" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;12&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Diogo Barbosa Machado, Bibliotheca Lusitana, Tomo II, Lisbon 1759, trang 221.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn13" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref13" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;13&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Viện Sơ Tu còn được gọi là Nhà Tập.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn14" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref14" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;14&#93;</span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Diogo Barbosa Machado, Bibliotheca Lusitana, Tomo II, Lisbon 1759, trang 221.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn15" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref15" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;15&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Lobo, Rui, “The College of Jesus and College of Arts during Francisco Suárez’s time”, Conimbricenses.org Encyclopedia, Mário Santiago de Carvalho, Simone Guidi (eds.), doi = “10.5281/zenodo.3521057”, URL =&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.conimbricenses.org/encyclopedia/" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://www.conimbricenses.org/encyclopedia/</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;retrieved on 5/10/2020.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn16" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.17dp8vu" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref16" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;16&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;John W. Padberg, S.J., General Editor, The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their Complementary Norms: A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts, Saint Lous, 1996, Chương IV, Đoạn 60, trang 36.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn17" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref17" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;17&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, Chương IV, Đoạn 61, trang 36.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn18" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3rdcrjn" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref18" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;18&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;John W. O’malley, S.J., How We Were: Life in a Novitiate, 1946-1948, trang 15.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn19" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref19" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;19&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;John W. Padberg, S.J., General Editor, The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their Complementary Norms: A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts, Saint Louis, 1996, Chương IV, Đoạn 381, trang 163.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn20" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref20" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;20&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Paul F. Grendler, The Culture of the Jesuit Teacher 1548–1773, Brill journal of jesuit studies 3 (2016) 17-41, trang 23, tác giả đã viết: “After the novitiate, if the young Jesuit was not well-prepared in Latin and Greek, he spent a year or two studying the humanities and/or rhetoric, based on the classics, before going on to philosophical studies.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn21" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref21" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;21&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;John W. Padburg, S.J. General Editor, The Constitution of the Society of Jesus and their Complementary Norms: A Complete English Translation of the Official Texts, Saint Louis, 1996, Chương V, Đoạn 535, trang 207.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn22" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref22" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;22&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Liam Matthew Brockey, The Visitor, The Belknap Press of&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Harvard University Press, 2014, trang 45-46.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn23" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.26in1rg" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref23" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;23&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ernest Truman, Leander, Or, Secrets of the Priesthood, Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1869, trang 37. Vào thời ấy, Spiritual Coadjutors nôm na được gọi là “những người giúp đỡ (helpers)” của các vị giáo sĩ có 4 lời thề nguyện Professed. Vì thế, Spiritual Coadjutors cũng là những giáo sĩ, nhưng chỉ tuyên thệ với ba lời thề (Hãy xem Wiktor Gramatowski, Guide to Understanding the Documents, ARSI, 1992, trang 8).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn24" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref24" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;24&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Rev. Thomas Hughes, Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits, 1912, trang 157.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn25" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.lnxbz9" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref25" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;25&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ernest Truman, Leander, Or, Secrets of the Priesthood, Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1869, trang 37.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn26" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref26" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;26&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134, trang 638.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn27" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref27" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;27&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 691.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn28" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.35nkun2" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref28" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;28&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cùng đi với Cha Francesco Buzomi, Cha Diogo Carvalho dẫn đầu một phái đoàn nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu đến Đàng Trong vào tháng Giêng năm 1615. Cha Carvalho chỉ ở Hội An giảng đạo cho người Nhật trong vòng một năm, rồi trở về Nhật. Nhưng cuối cùng ngài bị quân Nhật đuổi bắt và tử đạo vào năm 1624.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn29" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref29" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;29&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Francesco Buzomi là Giáo Sư dạy Thần Học. Ngài đáp tàu buôn Piedade cập bến Goa vào tháng 11, năm 1609. Khi ở Goa, có thể ngài và Cha Pina gặp mặt nhau lần đầu tiên trong thời gian này. Chỉ tạm cư ngụ ở Goa trong vài tháng, ngài đáp thuyền về Macao. Ngài được xem như vị Giáo Sĩ đầu tiên chính thức giảng đạo và lập cơ sở Dòng Chúa Giêsu ở Đàng Trong. Sau hơn 20 năm truyền đạo, vào năm 1638, ngài trở về Macao và sang năm, mất ở đó.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn30" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref30" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;30&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Brockey, Liam, Largos caminhos e vastos mares Jesuit Missionaries and the journey to China in the sixteenth and&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">seventeenth centuries, Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 1, december, 2000, pp. 45 – 72,&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal, trang 45. Kể từ năm 1581-1712, thống kê Dòng Chúa Giêsu cho biết có 127 tu sĩ bị thiệt mạng trong số 249 người được bổ nhiệm sang Trung Quốc.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn31" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref31" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;31&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Brockey, Liam Largos caminhos e vastos mares Jesuit Missionaries and the journey to China in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 1, december, 2000, pp. 45 - 72 Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal, trang 48.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn32" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref32" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;32&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;A. Lynn Martin, Jesuits and Their Families -The Experience in Sixteenth Century France, Sixteenth Century Journal, Tập 13, Số 1, doi:10.2307/2539914, trang 3-24. Trước khi rời Lisbon vào năm 1541, Cha Xavier đã không ghé thăm gia đình.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn33" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref33" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;33&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Antonio Franco, Synopsis Annalium in Societatis Jesu in Lusitania, Anno 1540-1725, Tomo IV, danh sách tám người hải hành qua Goa được liệt kê trong Phần Catalogus với tiểu đề “Anno 1608”. Danh Sách của tám tu sĩ này được liệt kê trong Hình 5.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn34" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref34" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;34&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Manoel Borges gia nhập vào Sơ Tu ở Évora năm 1601. Tuy anh chưa học xong lớp Thần Học, anh đã được thụ phong Linh Mục trước năm 1608. Anh đi cùng chuyến tàu với Francisco de Pina vào năm 1608, nhưng hơn một năm sau mới cập bến Goa (1609). Sau khi về Macao, anh tiếp tục học xong lớp Thần Học ở Macao vào năm 1612. (Hãy xem Charles E. O’neill, Diccionario Histórico de la Compania de Jesus, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, MADRID trang 1055)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn35" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1ksv4uv" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref35" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;35&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Manoel Lopes gia nhập vào Sơ Tu của nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu ở Coimbra vào năm 1604. Ở Goa, Ấn Độ, anh chưa học xong Thần Học và phải chờ đến khi về Macao mới hoàn tất lớp học này (Hãy xem Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134, trang 1218).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn36" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.44sinio" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref36" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;36&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Álvaro Semedo gia nhập vào Sơ Tu của nhà Dòng Chúa Giêsu năm 1602 và trở thành Giáo sĩ ở Goa vào năm 1611 sau khi học xong Thần Học ở đó (Hãy xem Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134, trang 1293).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn37" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref37" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;37&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Hãy xem Anthony Disney, Jesuits Going East, The Experiences of Fathers Dominique le Jeunehomme, Agostino Tudeschini and Tranquillo Grassetti En Route to the China Mission in the Early Seventeenth Century,&nbsp;</span></span><a href="http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/20021/1053" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/20021/1053</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trích từ ngày 26 tháng 6, 2020).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn38" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref38" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;38&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid. Những đồ dùng cá nhân của Cha Jeunehomme trong hành trình đến Goa vào năm 1629.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn39" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.2jxsxqh" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref39" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;39&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Filipe Castro, Nuno Fonseca, Audrey Wells, Outfitting the Peper Wreck, Historical Archaeology, 2010, 44(2):14–34s, 2008, trang 20.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn40" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref40" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;40&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Số lương thực mỗi ngày của các tu sĩ nhân lên cho 8 người.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn41" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref41" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;41&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Filipe Castro, Nuno Fonseca, Audrey Wells, Outfitting the Peper Wreck, Historical Archaeology, 2010, 44(2):14–34s, 2008, trang 21.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn42" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref42" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;42&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Janet P. Boileau, Cultinary History of the Portuguese Eurasians: The Origins of Luso-Asian Cuisine in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, PHD Thesis, 2010, trang 107.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn43" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref43" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;43&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Filipe Castro, Nuno Fonseca, Audrey Wells, Outfitting the Peper Wreck, Historical Archaeology, 2010, 44(2):14–34s, 2008, trang 24.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn44" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref44" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;44&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 177.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn45" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref45" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;45&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 184.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn46" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref46" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;46&#93;</span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre_de_Deus" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre_de_Deus</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trích vào ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2020.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn47" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref47" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;47&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Lució de Sousa, The Portuguese Slave Trade in Early Modern Japan: Merchants, Jesuits and Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Slaves, Brill, 2018, trang 277.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn48" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.z337ya" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref48" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;48&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;14 con thuyền gồm có: (5) tàu buôn: Nossa Senhora da Vencimento da Monte da Carmo (thuyền chỉ huy bởi Bá Tước Feira), Nossa Senhora da Ajuda, Nossa Senhora da Oliveira, Nossa Senhora da Salvação, Nossa Senhora da Palma; (7) chiến thuyền: São Conceição, São Bartholomeu, Bom Jesus, São João Evangelista, São Antonio, S. Jeronimo and Espirito Sancto (2) thuyền cung cấp: São Macos và David.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn49" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref49" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;49&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Đảo São Helena là nơi Đế Quốc Anh giam cầm của Hoàng Đế Pháp Napoleon vào năm 1815.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn50" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3j2qqm3" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref50" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;50&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 178.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn51" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1y810tw" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref51" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;51&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 181 cho biết sau khi Vencimento qua đường xích đạo, Bá Tước Feira ngả bệnh sốt và qua đời 6 ngày sau. Một tài liệu khác (hãy xem Maria Herminia Maldonado, Relação das náos e armadas da India com os successos dellas que se puderam saber, para noticia e instrucção dos curiozos, e amantes da historia de India, East India, 1985, trang 117) cho biết Bá Tước Feira mất trong ngày 15 tháng 5 năm 1608. Vì thế, Vencimento qua đường xích đạo vào ngày 9 tháng 5.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn52" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref52" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;52&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 187.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn53" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref53" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;53&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 230.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn54" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref54" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;54&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 233.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn55" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref55" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;55&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Mùa gió Nồm bắt đầu ớ Ấn Độ bắt đầu thổi vào tháng 5 hàng năm. Pina phải ở Goa học xong lớp triết lý. Thường thường lớp này kéo dài đến 3 năm. Nếu Pina rời Goa vào năm 1611 thì hơi sớm.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn56" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.4i7ojhp" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref56" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;56&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Hãy xem R. Po Chia, A Jesuit in the Forbidden City: Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), Oxford, University Press, 2010, trang 29.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn57" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref57" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;57&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Arturo Giraldez, The Age of Trade: The Vanila of Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy, Rowman and Littlefield, 2015, trang 134.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn58" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref58" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;58&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Michela Fontana, Matteo Ricci, The Jesuit in the Ming Court, Rowman and Littlefield, 2011, trang 20.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn59" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.2xcytpi" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref59" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;59&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 178.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn60" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1ci93xb" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref60" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;60&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Dựa theo lối kể lại của Cha Bernado Regio trên con đường đến Goa và cuối cùng đáp tàu đến Tonkin vào năm 1631 (Hãy xem Xavier Mariona Martins, Portuguese Shipping and Ship Building in Goa (1510-1780), PHD Thesis, 1994, Chapter 8, trang 86 )</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn61" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref61" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;61&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 178.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn62" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref62" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;62&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 186.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn63" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref63" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;63&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nên nhớ rằng mỗi năm, những con tàu buôn này qua lại Đại Tây Dương và Phi Châu để đến Ấn Độ. Mỗi năm như thế đều xảy ra bệnh dịch, nhưng khi trở về Lisbon, vì chính quyền không biết rằng những con thuyền này chứa đựng đầy vi trùng của những bệnh dịch trong khoang thuyền, họ không bao giờ tẩy sạch và khử trùng chúng cả. Vì thế, trong chuyến tàu năm sau chứa đầy hành khách, khi con thuyền đến vùng nóng, ẩm ướt như New Guinea, bệnh dịch sẽ bắt đầu lan tràn trở lại.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn64" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref64" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;64&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Hiện nay là bờ biển của hai nước Cameroon va Republic of the Congo.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn65" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref65" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;65&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 180. Ông Mocquet không viết rõ là trong ngày, họ liệm xác bao nhiêu lần.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn66" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref66" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;66&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;David là một trong hai chiếc tàu cung cấp trong hạm đội gồm có 5 chiếc tàu buôn, 7 chiếc chiến thuyền và hai thuyền cung cấp.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn67" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref67" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;67&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Con số người thiệt mạng trong vòng hai tuần khoảng: 4 người/lần x 14 ngày x 2 lần/ngày = 112</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn68" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref68" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;68&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Christovão de Noronha là Chỉ Huy Trưởng của các tàu chiến như São Bartholomeu, Bom Jesus, São João Evangelista, São Antonio, S. Jeronimo và Espirito Sancto. Lúc ra đi từ Lisbon, ông chỉ huy chiến thuyền Antonio.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn69" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref69" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;69&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Trong sách tường trình chuyến hải hành này, ông Mocquet không hề nhắc đến địa danh nào dọc theo bờ biển của Brazil, nhất là cồn cát Abrolhos, cách bờ biển của thành phố Caravelas, Brazil khoảng 35 miles. Nếu theo hành trình này, Vencimento phải né tránh nó bằng mọi cách vì dựa theo lịch sử hải hành, đã có nhiều tàu bị mắc cạn nơi đây. Khi kể lại chuyến hải hành của ông, Mocquet chỉ cho biết những địa danh dọc theo bờ biển của Phi Châu mà thôi. Ngoài ra, ông cho biết rằng Vencimento cập bến Mozambique trễ hơn một tháng. Trong sách, ông còn diễn tả cảnh sóng to, gió lớn khi Vencimento đi vòng ngang qua Mũi Hảo Vọng từ bắc xuống nam (Hãy xem Hình 7). Vì thế, tôi nghĩ Vencimento đã theo con Đường Vòng Trong (Rota do Mar).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn70" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref70" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;70&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Khi đã đo được vĩ độ cũng có nghĩa là họ chỉ biết vị trí của con tàu hiện ở nam hay bắc so với đường xích đạo mà thôi.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn71" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref71" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;71&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nếu biết thêm kinh độ, họ sẽ biết con tàu đang ở phía đông hay tây so sánh với Greenwich, England.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn72" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3whwml4" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref72" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;72&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 181. Ông Mocquet cho biết Hạm Trưởng Feira sốt nặng và mất sau 6 ngày tàu đến đường Xích Đạo. Một tài liệu khác đã cho biết Bá Tước Feira mất ngày 15 tháng 5 năm 1608 (Hay xem Maria Herminia Maldonado, Relação das náos e armadas da India com os successos dellas que se puderam saber, para noticia e instrucção dos curiozos, e amantes da historia de India, East India, 1985, trang 117). Dựa theo hai tài liệu trên, chúng ta tính ra rằng là tàu buôn Vencimento bắt đầu vượt qua đường xích đạo vào ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 1608.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn73" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref73" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;73&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Có lẽ giống như thời tiết của tiểu bang Florida vào mùa hè.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn74" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref74" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;74&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nhiệt độ thật sự trong tháng 5, 2020 ở Freetown, một thành phố lớn của Sierra Leon, nhiệt độ cao hàng ngày lên đến 88 độ F, nhưng độ ẩm lên đến 73% (Được trích từ website https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/sierra-leone/freetown-weather-may#temperature trong ngày 2 tháng 6, năm 2020).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn75" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref75" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;75&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 187.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn76" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.2bn6wsx" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref76" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;76&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 178.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn77" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref77" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;77&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 188.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn78" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref78" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;78&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Số hành khách đáp tàu ở Lisbon (900) trừ đi số tử vong đếm trong ngày đến Mozambique (735) =165</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn79" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref79" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;79&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;6 tháng x 30 ngày/tháng x 4 tử vong mỗi ngày =720 tử vong.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn80" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref80" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;80&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Albert Gray, The Voyage of François Pyrard de Laval, Vol. II, Part I, trang 272.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn81" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref81" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;81&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Trong trường hợp chiếc tàu Bom Jesus, thủy quân Hòa Lan sau khi cướp được nó vào năm 1608, chỉ bắt bộ chỉ huy, nhưng thả hết các hành khách trên đảo St. George nằm bên cạnh đảo Mozambique.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn82" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref82" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;82&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134, trang 1323.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn83" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.qsh70q" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref83" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;83&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Hãy xem đoạn phim ngắn&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf0-wv2awkY" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf0-wv2awkY</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trong phim “Silence” trích từ Mạng ngày 11 thang 8, 2020, diễn tả cảnh tử đạo của những Kitô hữu giống như trường hợp của Cha Borges ở Nhật Bản. Trong phim có chiếu cảnh một vài Kitô hữu bị treo chổng ngược; đầu bị dí chặt dưới hố sâu chứa đầy phân và nước tiểu. Mùi hôi thối và hơi độc cũng đủ cho họ bị ngạt thở và mất sau một thời gian ngắn.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn84" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref84" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;84&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Charles E. O’Neill &amp; Joaquín Domínguez, Dictionario Histórico de la Compañía de Jesus, Institutum Historicum/Univesidad Pontificia, 2001, trang 1055.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn85" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref85" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;85&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 1218.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn86" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3as4poj" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref86" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;86&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134, trang 1293.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn87" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref87" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;87&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Charles E. O’Neille &amp; Joaquín M. Domínguez, Dictionario Histórico de la Compañia de Jesús, Institutum Historicum, Roma/Universidad Pontificia Comillus, 2001, trang 6363.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn88" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1pxezwc" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref88" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;88&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 179-181.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn89" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref89" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;89&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Tương tự như ngũ hành của người Á Đông: kim, mộc, thủy, hỏa và thổ.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn90" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref90" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;90&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Amir Arsalan Afkhami, Humorism, Encyclopædia Iranica, Tập XII, 2004, trang 566-570,&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/humoralism-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/humoralism-1</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trích ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 2020.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn91" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.49x2ik5" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref91" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;91&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;M.G. Da Costa, translated by Donald M. Lockhart, The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1984, trang 4.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn92" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref92" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;92&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid trang 21. Thủy thủ Bồ gọi giống chim này là “manga de veludo” (velvet sleeves).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn93" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.2p2csry" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref93" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;93&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 185.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn94" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref94" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;94&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn95" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref95" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;95&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;M.G. Da Costa, translated by Donald M. Lockhart, The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1984, trang 25.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn96" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref96" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;96&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 187.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn97" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref97" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;97&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Đảo Mozambique là một hòn đảo rất nhỏ nằm sát bờ biển tỉnh Nampura, nằm phía đông bắc nước Mozambique. Với chiều dài chỉ khoảng 3 km (gần 2 miles) và chiều rộng chỉ khoảng 500 m (0,3 mile), trong thế kỷ 16 và 17, nó đã giữ một vị trí rất quan trọng về hàng hải đối với đế quốc Bồ. Nơi đây, các thuyền buôn người Bồ thường ghé ngang để mua thêm thức ăn và nước uống trong cuộc hành trình đi Goa, Ấn Độ. Nhìn ngang về phía đông của đảo Mozambique là đảo Madagascar.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn98" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref98" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;98&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Trong năm 1607, Chỉ huy Trưởng người Hòa Lan Paulus van Caerden, trước khi lui quân, đã ra lệnh đốt hết tất cả hạ tầng cơ sở trên đảo. Hãy xem George McCall Theal, History an Ethnogrphy of Africa South of the Zambesi, Vol. I, 1505 to 1795, London 1907, trang 415 &amp; 416.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn99" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref99" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;99&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, trang 419.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn100" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref100" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;100&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 188.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn101" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref101" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;101&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Tên nguyên thủy của chiếc tàu buôn này là Nossa Senhora de Consolação thuộc hạm đội rời Lisbon vào năm 1607. Vì đến Mozambique trễ nên nó phải dừng chân nơi đây và chờ đến mùa gíó Nồm thổi lên mới có thể xuất hành đi Ấn Độ. Rất tiếc, vào ngày 26 tháng 8, 1608, thủy quân Hòa Lan khám phá ra chiếc thuyền đang bỏ neo gần đảo Mozambique nên đến bắn phá. Quân tự vệ Bồ buộc lòng phải đốt cháy và đánh chìm nó.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn102" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref102" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;102&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Jean Mocquet, Voyages en Afrique, Asie, Indes Orientales et Occidentales, Faits Par Jean Mocquet, Paris, 1830, trang 233. Nhưng trong số bốn chiếc tàu đi từ Mozambique, Bartholomeu không hiểu sao đáp bến ở Cochin, cách Goa khoảng 500 miles về hướng nam. Có lẽ nó bị gió cuốn hay trôi dạt theo dòng nước ngầm (Xem Ignacio da Costa Quintella, Annaes da Marinha Portugueza, Tomo II, Lisboa, Na Typografla da Mosma, Academia, 1840, trang 146.)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn103" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref103" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;103&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Những cảnh tượng đón tiếp nồng nhiệt của thổ dân Ấn Độ và sinh viên trường St. Paul đối với hạm đội mới cặp bến được trích ra từ sách “The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo”, dịch ra bởi Donald M. Lockhart, the hakluyt Society, London, 1984, trang 44. Tôi tin rằng khi đáp xuống bến tàu tại Goa vào tháng 5 năm 1609, các tu sĩ Dòng Chúa Giêsu cũng được dân chúng đón tiếp nồng hậu như thế.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn104" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref104" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;104&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;José Nicolau da Fonseca, An Historical and Archeological Sketch of the City of Goa, Bombay: Thackers and Co., Limited, 1878, trang 263.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn105" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref105" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;105&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Pegu không còn là một quốc gia nữa. Hiện giờ, bị sát nhập vào nước Miến Điện.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn106" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref106" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;106&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Bài Tường Trình Hàng Năm ngày 16 tháng 12 năm 1596, từ Cha Francisco Cabral, Giám Tỉnh của Goa, trích từ Josepth Wicki, Romanta Historica Societatis Iesu, Vol. 133, Documenta Indica 18 (1595-1597), Rome, 1988, trang 651.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn107" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref107" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;107&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nếu quan sát kỹ hình vẽ của trường St Paul cũ trong Hình 7 sẽ nhìn thấy vòm cầu này.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn108" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.147n2zr" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref108" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;108&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;José Nicolau da Fonseca, An Historical and Archeological Sketch of the City of Goa, Bombay: Thackers and Co., Limited, 1878, trang 263-264. Bệnh dịch này lan tràn cho đến năm 1596 vẫn chưa chấm dứt. Trong bài tường trình hàng năm ấy của Cha Francisco Cabral, Giám Tỉnh của Goa cho thấy có thêm 3 tu sĩ mắc bệnh mà mất.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn109" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3o7alnk" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref109" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;109&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Vào năm 1620, khi đến Salcete, chính Cha Alexandre de Rhodes cũng dừng chân ở thành phố Rachol và học một lớp Canarese (Konkani). Lúc ấy, ngài mới gặp và làm bạn với Cha Étienne de la Croix (Hãy xem Peter C. Phan, Mission and Catechesis, Orbis Books, New York, 1998, trang 42). Cả hai đều là hai Giáo Sĩ người Pháp duy nhất ở Goa. Khi Cha Croix mất năm 1643, Cha Rhodes đã viết một bài phúng điếu cho ông ấy.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn110" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.23ckvvd" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref110" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;110&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;J. Gerson da Cunha, Materials for the History of Oriental Studies Amongst the Portuguese, Proceeding Volume 4, Part 1878, 1880, trang 187.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn111" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.ihv636" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref111" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;111&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Thomas Stephens là một người Anh theo Dòng Chúa Giêsu. Ngài đến Goa năm 1579 và mất ở đó năm 1619. Trong nhiều năm, ngài giữ chức Viện Trưởng của trường đại học Rachol, thành phố Rachol thuộc tỉnh Salcete. Ngài được xem là Cha Đẻ của La Tinh hóa tiếng Konkani ở Goa. Trong lúc tìm hiểu nhiều ngôn ngữ Ấn Độ ở Goa, ngài là người đầu tiên nhận xét rằng ngôn ngữ Ấn Độ có nhiều tương đồng với tiếng Hy Lạp và La Tinh (Hãy xem Brijbraj Singh, The First Englishman in India: Thomas Stephens (1547-1619), Journal of South Asian Literature,30(1/2), pages 146-161. Retrieved on June 22, 2020 from www.jstor.org/stable/40873582).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn112" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref112" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;112&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Étienne de la Croix là một tu sĩ người Pháp. Ngài gia nhập Dòng Chúa Giêsu năm 1599 và đến Goa năm 1602. Ngài từng dạy triết học và thần học ở đại học Rochol, Salsete. Ngài cũng từng giữ chức vụ Viện Trưởng sau khi Cha Stephens về hưu. Ngài quen biết Cha Alexandre de Rhodes khi Cha Rhodes đáp tàu xuống Goa năm 1620. Chính ngài là người giúp đỡ nhà thám hiểm Pyrard rất nhiều khi ông bị nhốt tù ở Goa. Ngài mất năm 1643 ở Goa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn113" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref113" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;113&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Vào thời ấy, theo luật Bồ Đào Nha được chấp hành vào năm 1559, một đứa trẻ Ấn Độ mà mất cha thôi cũng được xem như là mồ côi và phải bị đổi đạo ra đạo Kitô. Sau đó, nó sẽ được dạy dỗ bởi một tu sĩ từ trường đại học St. Paul hay Reig Margos. Vào năm 1619, khi Cha Aexandre de Rhodes dừng chân tại Goa, ngài cũng kể chuyện đi tìm kiếm trẻ con mồ côi trong sách của ông (Hãy xem Peter C. Phan, Mission and Catechesis, Orbis Books, New York, 1998, trang 43).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn114" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref114" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;114&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ngày lễ Cải Đạo ở Goa lúc nào cũng xảy ra vào ngày 25 tháng Giêng mỗi năm.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn115" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref115" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;115&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Albert Gray, The Voyage of François Pyrard de Laval, Vol. II, Part I, trang 60.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn116" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.32hioqz" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref116" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;116&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Alexandre de Rhodes, Voyage et Missions du Père Alexandre de Rhodes, Paris, 1854, trang 29.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn117" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1hmsyys" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref117" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;117&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ignacio da Costa Quintella, Annaes da Marinha Portugueza, Tomo II, Lisboa, Natipografia da Mesma Aademia, 1840, trang 147.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn118" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.41mghml" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref118" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;118&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Maria Cristina Trindade Guerreiro Osswald, Jesuit Art in Goa Between 1542 and 1655: From Modo Nostro to Mod Goano, PHD Thesis, 2003, trang 286. Hàng năm, ngày tựu trường ở trường đại học St. Paul lúc nào cũng bắt đầu vào ngày lễ thánh Ursula và lễ “Mười Một Ngàn Người Trinh Tiết” (Eleven Thousand Virgins), đó là ngày 21 tháng 10.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn119" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref119" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;119&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Nhưng hiện tại có nhiều tài liệu cho rằng Pina và nhóm bạn rời Goa vào năm 1611. Nếu như thế, họ vẫn chưa học hết chương trình của lớp triết học. Vì thế, hiện giờ tôi vẫn chưa rõ cho lắm khi nào Cha Pina rời Goa về Macao, trong mùa hè năm 1611 hay năm 1612.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn120" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.2grqrue" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref120" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;120&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Trong thế kỷ 17, từ “Cochinchina” được các nước tây phương dùng để gọi “Đàng Trong”. Vào năm 1515, ông Tome Pires (1465-1540) bắt đầu dùng từ ngữ này trong sách ông sáng tác bao gồm hai từ “Cauchy” và “Chyna”. Các nhà nghiên cứu nghĩ rằng “Cauchy” là lối phiên âm trại đi của hai âm tiết “Giao” và “Chỉ” trong cái tên “Giao Chỉ” từ các thủy thủ người Mã Lai vào thời ấy. Theo thời gian, “Cauchy” trở thành “Cochin”. Nhưng rất tiếc, trong thế kỷ 16, người Bồ đã dùng từ Cochin để đặt tên cho thành phố Cochin ở Ấn Độ. Vì thế, họ phải đệm thêm từ “Chyna” hay “China” vào với “Cochin” để phân biệt Cochin và Đàng Trong (Hãy xem Li Tana, Nguyễn Cochinchina, Cornell University, 1998, trang 13-14).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn121" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref121" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;121&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Josef Franz Schutte, S.J., Momenta Missionum Societatis IESU, Momenta Historica Japaniae I, 1549-1654, Vol. 134, trang 638.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn122" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.vx1227" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref122" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;122&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Cha Christoforo Borri cập bến Macao vào cuối năm 1615. Trong hai năm 1616-1618, trước khi vào Đàng Trong, Cha Borri là Giáo Sư dạy toán học tại trường đại học St. Paul ở Macao (Hãy xem Yves Camus, Macao and the Jesuits: A Reading through the Prism of History, Macao Ricci Institute, trích ra từ&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/cb/macao_and_the_jesuits.pdf" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/cb/macao_and_the_jesuits.pdf</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;vào ngày 13 tháng 7 năm 2020). Lúc ấy, Pina cũng đang học thần học vào năm thứ tư tại đây. Trong sách Cha Borri truyền lại, ngài cũng nhắc đến Pina một cách đằm thắm, khi hai người gặp lại nhau ở Hội An vào năm 1618 “we had been companions, and great friends, in the college of Macao.” (Hãy xem Christopher Borri, An Account of Cochin-China, một phần của “A Collection of Voyages and Travels“, Volume II, Third Edition, 1744. Trong trang 723).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn123" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.3fwokq0" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref123" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;123&#93;</span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Sixto and Dourado là hai giáo sĩ người Nhật, học cùng lớp thần học và xuất gia cùng với Cha Pina năm 1616 tại Malacca. Hãy xem Jauan Ruiz-De-Medina, El Jesuita Alessandro De Rhodesen Cochinchina Y Tonkin (1591-1660),&nbsp;</span></span><a href="http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/30038/2049" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">http://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/30038/2049</span></span></a><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;trích ra ngày 2 tháng 7 năm 2020.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn124" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref124" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;124&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ibid, Cha Antonio de Sousa là người Covilha, gần Guarda. Ngài và Cha Pina học chung hai lớp triết lý và thần học ở Goa và Macao. Vào năm 1633, Cha Sousa được gửi đến Nhật và tử đạo ở đó.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn125" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref125" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;125&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Ribeiro, Madalena, The Japanese Diaspora in the Seventeenth Century. According to Jesuit Sources&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 3, december, 2001, pp. 53 – 83, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,&nbsp;</span></span><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">Lisboa, Portugal, trang 71.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn126" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.1v1yuxt" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref126" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;126&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Hãy xem video sau đây&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;hay&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="box-sizing:border-box; border-radius:0px !important"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc&amp;t=94s" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600" target="_blank"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="color:rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_hEKv8CFc&amp;t=94s</span></span></span></a></span><u style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;</u><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">để so sánh cách phát âm của tiếng Konkani và tiếng Việt của chúng ta.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div id="ftn127" style="border-radius: 0px !important; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:2"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><a name="_heading=h.4f1mdlm" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"></a><a href="https://hdgmvietnam.com/chi-tiet/cuoc-hai-hanh-cua-cha-francisco-de-pina-den-dang-trong-1608--40473#_ftnref127" style="box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(57, 99, 136); text-decoration:none; border-radius:0px !important; text-shadow:none; font-weight:600"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&#91;127&#93;</span></span></a><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;Dựa vào những thành quả của Cha Alexandre de Rhodes đã viết trong quyển ngữ pháp tiếng Việt Brevis Declaratio-Cha Rhodes là một trong hai học trò chính thức của Cha Pina trước khi ngài mất, tôi cho rằng chính ngài cũng áp dụng phương pháp phát âm của Konkani vào tiếng Việt, thí dụ như trong hai từ “cách” và “mạnh” và cách phát âm của chúng trong tiếng Việt (Hãy xem Andrew Gaudio, A Translation of the Linguae Annamiticae seu Tunchinensis brevis declaratio: The First Grammar of Quốc Ngữ, Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pps.79-114, trong trang 86). Cha Rhodes giải nghĩa về hai từ này và nhấn mạnh rằng hai từ “cách”và “mạnh” có thể phát âm giống như /kæc</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ʰ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">-c</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ʰǝ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">/ và /m</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">æ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">nh-h</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ǝ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">/ nh</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ư</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ng bỏ đi âm /c</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ʰǝ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;và /h</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ǝ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">/&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">đ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">àng sau&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">đ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">i, thành ra /k</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">æ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">&nbsp;c</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ʰ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">/ và /m</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">æ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">nh/ . Trong pháp ng</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ư</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̃ Konkani, vi</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ê</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̣c ghép&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">â</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">m /</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ǝ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">/ vào v</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">â</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̀n cu</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ô</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">́i của m</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ô</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̣t phụ&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">â</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">m&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">đư</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">́ng cu</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ô</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">́i là cách phát&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">â</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">m thu</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">â</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̀n túy của Konkani mà Cha Rhodes học&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">đươ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̣c&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ơ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̉ Salcete, Goa. T</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ươ</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ng t</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">ư</span></span><span lang="VI" style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="border-radius: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing:border-box">̣ như vậy, cũng trong Brevis Declaratio, trang 105, Cha Rhodes công bố rằng không có động từ phủ định (negative verbs) trong tiếng Việt. Thật ra các tiếng như Bồ, Pháp hay Ý và kể cả tiếng Việt đều không dùng “negative verbs”. Không hiểu sao lúc viết văn phạm tiếng Việt, ngài lại nghĩ và nhắc đến động từ phủ định trong tiếng Konkani để so sánh với ngữ pháp của tiếng Việt. Vì thế, chúng ta có thể khẳng định rằng khi ông viết quyển văn phạm Brevis Declaratio, ông đã liên quan hai thứ tiếng nói này với nhau. Hiện nay, tôi đặt giả thuyết rằng chính Cha Pina đã tìm thấy sự liên quan này trước và sau đó truyền lại cho Cha Rhodes. Trong sách với tựa đề “Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800”, trang 294, Otto Zwartjes cũng nhận thấy rằng Cha Rhodes đã học một văn phạm ngoại quốc như Nhật Bản hay Ấn Độ, so sánh với văn phạm Việt và nhắc nhở rằng tiếng Việt không dùng động từ phủ định.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div></div></div>
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				<strong>Tác giả:</strong>
				Đình Nam
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